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Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

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A study by a pair of researchers at Northwestern University found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. At the same time, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide concentrations tended to go up.

Ozone 316
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São Paulo study finds concentration of ultrafine particulates rose by 1/3 in switch from ethanol to gasoline

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Geiger and Alberto Salvo, an associate professor of economics at the National University of Singapore, led the study—their second with São Paulo big data. At the same time, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide concentrations tended to go up. At the same time, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide concentrations tended to go up.

Gasoline 150
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Flying first class on a single domestic round trip can contribute more greenhouse gas emissions than a year of driving

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airline (San Francisco to Santa Rosa); the longest flight within the continental United States (Seattle to Miami); and the longest flight in the world (New York to Singapore). Michael Sivak is the managing director of Sivak Applied Research and the former director of Sustainable Worldwide Transportation at the University of Michigan.

Emissions 419