Green Car Congress

MARCH 15, 2011

published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Single-cell and tubular design of a Na-beta battery.

Li-ion 231

Li-ion Energy Storage Grid Carbon 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2011

low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy. low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy. Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries perform well, but are too expensive for widespread use on the grid. larger in radius than Li ions.

Sodium 218

Sodium Recharge Li-ion Batteries 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 28, 2011

The US Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is conducting research on alternative options to reduce costs and make large-scale energy storage safer and more practical. Magnesium is much more abundant in the Earth’s crust, making it less expensive than Li by a factor of 24. Earlier post.)

Energy Storage 207

Energy Storage Grid Energy Ni-Li 207