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Industry study finds lead-acid to remain most wide-spread automotive energy storage for foreseeable future; new chemistries continue to grow

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The study, which provides a joint industry analysis of how different types of batteries are used in different automotive applications, concludes that lead-based batteries will by necessity remain the most wide-spread energy storage system in automotive applications for the foreseeable future.

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Axion supplying PbC batteries to Norfolk Southern for all-battery switcher and working on line-haul hybrid locomotives; micro-hybrid and stationary expansion

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In April, Axion Power International Inc received an order from Norfolk Southern Corp (NS) for PbC lead-carbon batteries for use in an all-battery-powered switcher locomotive. This larger, more powerful unit will require approximately twice the number of batteries as contained in the electric yard switcher.

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Ioxus Developing Higher Power Density Ultracapacitors

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both electrodes are carbon, as opposed to the hybrid (asymmetric) ultracapacitors in which in one of the electrodes is carbon and the other electrode utilizes a different material. Energy densities of hybrid ultracapacitors can be significantly greater than that of carbon-carbon ultracapacitors, but power densities are lower.

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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electricity) to hybrid and electrical vehicles, although the cost of implementing EES is of great concern. In comparison, energy management, such as load shifting, requires systems of up to MWh or even GWh levels that are capable of discharge durations up to a few hours or more at designated power. 15 years) and a long cycle life (e.g.,

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