Green Car Congress

APRIL 17, 2023

—Fengqi You, senior author Currently, critical metals and minerals are centralized in politically unstable Chile, Congo, Indonesia, Brazil, Argentina and South Africa, according to the World Bank. “Recycling w/o 2nd” indicates retired batteries that are directly recycled without a second life as energy storage systems (ESSs).

Transportation 418

Transportation South Africa Lithium Sulfur Congo 418

Drive Electric

AUGUST 9, 2022

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) contains both an electric powertrain and an internal combustion engine. . million tons), Argentina (2 million tons) and China (1 million tons). Because EVs run on electricity, the vehicle emits no exhaust from a tailpipe and does not contain the typical liquid fuel components in ICEVs.

Environment 98

Environment Electric Vehicles New Zealand Vehicles 98

Drive Electric

AUGUST 9, 2022

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) contains both an electric powertrain and an internal combustion engine. . million tons), Argentina (2 million tons) and China (1 million tons). Because EVs run on electricity, the vehicle emits no exhaust from a tailpipe and does not contain the typical liquid fuel components in ICEVs.

Environment 52

Environment Electric Vehicles New Zealand Vehicles 52