Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2015

Researchers from Tsinghua University and Peking University have investigated the effects of fuel properties on particulate emissions gasoline direct injection engines (GDI). According to data released by the Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau (EPB) in 2014, motor vehicles were responsible for 31% of local PM 2.5 emissions in 2014.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Emissions Engine Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

In 1975, General Ernesto Geisel, then-president of Brazil, ordered the country’s gasoline supply mixed with 10% ethanol. The level was raised to 25% over the next five years, which was intended to maintain a constant Brazilian gasoline supply for an ever-increasing demand. These were arguably the first flex-fuel vehicles.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2010

RVPs (predicted DVPE) of single- and dual-alcohol blends in gasoline with different relative proportions of ethanol and 1-butanol. As part of the study, they demonstrated a simple method to prepare dual-alcohol-gasoline blends with Reid vapor pressures (RVPs) “ indistinguishable ” from that of the base gasoline.

Alcohol Blend 210

Alcohol Blend Gasoline Ozone Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 25, 2012

The powertrain system—the patent application for which was filed in 2009—includes an electrical energy storage system—such as a Li-ion battery pack—and an electric traction motor. Fuels can include gasoline blends, and alcohol blended hydrocarbon fuel grades.

Extended Range 400

Extended Range Plug-in Engine GM 400