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Team from GM, Ford, FCA reviews how to calculate engine efficiency benefits of high octane fuels

Green Car Congress

The preflame reactions are a strong function of temperature, so evaporative cooling from the fuel can also play a significant role, which is particularly important for fuels containing alcohol. Alcohol and gasoline-alcohol blends also offer efficiency benefits independent of their octane value. —Leone et al.

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Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

d) further provides for alcohol blends as follows: Special provisions for alcohol blends. (1) Initial tests conducted in Europe have confirmed that hydrous ethanol can be blended effectively with gasoline without phase separation or other problems. As used in this section and Sec. 40 CFR ยง 80.27(d)