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Team from GM, Ford, FCA reviews how to calculate engine efficiency benefits of high octane fuels

Green Car Congress

The preflame reactions are a strong function of temperature, so evaporative cooling from the fuel can also play a significant role, which is particularly important for fuels containing alcohol. Alcohol and gasoline-alcohol blends also offer efficiency benefits independent of their octane value. —Leone et al.

Engine 150
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Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

In 1975, General Ernesto Geisel, then-president of Brazil, ordered the country’s gasoline supply mixed with 10% ethanol. The level was raised to 25% over the next five years, which was intended to maintain a constant Brazilian gasoline supply for an ever-increasing demand. These were arguably the first flex-fuel vehicles.