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Congressional Budget Office estimates US federal policies promoting EVs and other fuel-efficient vehicles will cost $7.5B through 2019; little or no impact on gasoline use and GHG in the short term

Green Car Congress

The nonpartisan US Congressional Budget Office (CBO) estimates that federal policies to promote the manufacture and purchase of electric vehicles, some of which also support other types of fuel-efficient vehicles, will have a total budgetary cost of about $7.5 billion through 2019. Cultivate local PEV clusters.

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California ARB mods to ZEV regulations for IVMs would result in ~1.9% drop in total ZEV/TZEV units 2018-2025; no impact on air quality requirements

Green Car Congress

In other words, the automakers still have to meet the fleet-based emissions requirements through their sales mix. Its goal was and is to reduce the environmental impact of light-duty vehicles through the gradual introduction of ZEVs into the California fleet. ARB first adopted the ZEV Regulation in 1990. b)(1)(A).

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We Need More Than Just Electric Vehicles

Cars That Think

Our 2020 study , published in Nature Climate Change , found that manufacturing a typical EV sold in the United States in 2018 emitted about 7 to 12 tonnes of carbon dioxide, compared with about 5 to 6 tonnes for a gasoline-fueled vehicle. In our model, using electricity from the 2019 U.S. fleet of light vehicles.