2003, Exhaust and Ozone

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2003

Exhaust

Ozone

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2011

The CCS was implemented in London in February 2003 with the primary aim of reducing traffic congestion by charging vehicles to enter the central part of London, defined as the congestion charging zone (CCZ). These results have appeared in the peer-reviewed literature and in more than 200 comprehensive reports published by HEI. Resources.

London

London Charging Pollution Diesel

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

Consumption of anhydrous ethanol has grown steadily since the 1990s, peaking in 2003. Brazil introduced its current generation of ethanol-powered cars in 2003, the same year in which anhydrous ethanol consumption peaked. Named flex-fuel vehicles (FFVs), these automobiles run on gasoline, ethanol, or any blend of the two. 40 CFR § 80.27

Transportation

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric

EV Driven

HEI study finds London Congestion Charging Scheme shows little evidence of improving air quality

Perspective: US Needs to Transition to Hydrous Ethanol as the Primary Renewable Transportation Fuel

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