Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2023

A study by a team from UC Riverside has assessed the potential of increasing ethanol content in California reformulated gasoline (CaRFG) by investigating the exhaust emissions from a fleet of 20 Tier 3 light-duty vehicles. A baseline CaRFG E10 (10% ethanol by volume) fuel was splash-blended with denatured ethanol to create an E15 fuel.

California 305

California Emissions Montana Gasoline 305

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2013

Comparison of proposed Keystone XL route to previously proposed project segment. The majority of the WCSB oil is considered a heavy crude oil, while Bakken crude is considered a light crude oil. Upgrading bitumen into SCO removes the light ends and heavy residuum ahead of transport to the refinery. Source: Draft SEIS.

Climate Change 250

Climate Change Oil-Sands Nebraska Climate 250

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2011

Comparison of the percent differential for WTW (well-to-wheel) GHGs from gasoline produced from WCSB oil sands using different production processes relative to gasoline produced from reference crudes. Source: FEIS, Appendix V. Click to enlarge. The NETL study serves as a key input for analyses conducted by EPA and DOE.

Oil-Sands 253

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Oklahoma 253

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 1, 2014

The earlier 2011 Final EIS was developed contemporaneously with the start of strong growth in domestic light crude oil supply from tight oil formations, such as those formations found in North Dakota’s Bakken region. Rising domestic crude production is predominantly light crude, and it has replaced foreign imports of light crude oil.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Nebraska Oil Montana 220