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Univ of Toronto study details impacts of interaction between driving patterns and electricity generation for WTW energy use and GHG emissions for PHEVs

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coal, hydro, natural gas) on well-to-wheel (WTW) energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). 100% coal (pulverized coal boiler). C1 is shorter than C2, which is shorter than C3). For the hydroelectric scenario, fossil energy use is 81% lower for C1 than for HWY2.

PHEV 210