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Univ of Toronto study details impacts of interaction between driving patterns and electricity generation for WTW energy use and GHG emissions for PHEVs

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coal, hydro, natural gas) on well-to-wheel (WTW) energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). For the study, they developed well-to-wheel models to investigate energy use and GHG emissions of a PHEV, HEV (hybrid electric vehicle), and conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV).

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