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Climate Talks End In Copenhagen Accord; Countries Settle On Non- Binding 2 ºC Warming Limit

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The accord calls for action to hold mean warming of the Earth’s surface to no more than 2 ºC above pre-industrial levels, but does not define reductions in greenhouse gases that might be employed to achieve that goal. In the end, 188 countries voted in favor of the motion, with Cuba, Bolivia, Sudan, and Venezuela voting against it.

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IRENA: diversifying critical material supply chains minimizes geopolitical risks

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All data refer to unprocessed ores and concentrates, except for lithium, where we rely on data for lithium carbonates and lithium oxide and hydroxide. Source: Geopolitics of the Energy Transition: Critical Materials Furthermore, the mining industry is dominated by a few major companies, leading to frequently oligopolistic markets, IRENA said.

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