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Turbocharging and downsizing (TRBDS): increases the available airflow and specific power level, allowing a reduced engine size while maintaining performance. Turbocharging and downsizing: 26% for cars, 15% for trucks. This reduces pumping losses at lighter loads in comparison to a larger engine.
In fact, the optimized PHEV is much more efficient as a long range liquid fuel vehicle, because the engine is downsized. The known fuel technologies availabletoday that are being researched and developed, which we must examine, are the following: 1. The PHEV provides the advantage in all these criteria.
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