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Industry study finds lead-acid to remain most wide-spread automotive energy storage for foreseeable future; new chemistries continue to grow

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With regard to overall storage capability and potential for further fuel efficiency improvements, the demand for larger battery systems based on lithium, nickel and sodium will continue to grow through the increased market penetration of vehicles with higher levels of hybridization and electrification. Sodium-nickel chloride batteries.

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Pike Research forecasts accelerating hybrid locomotive sales from 2015-2020

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Lead acid batteries cost less, weigh more, and will be used in many of the first hybrid locomotive applications. Advanced lead acid batteries will make inroads as well. Advanced lead acid batteries will make inroads as well.

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Sodium-beta alumina membrane battery. Lead-carbon battery.

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