Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2015

At present, PHEV technology alone is equipped to improve the current electric grid. The car can refuel during periods of low demand on the grid, and if equipped with a bi-directional charger, can actually replenish the grid with excess energy gleaned from a renewable resource. For an extended discussion see Appendix C).

PHEV 150

PHEV Plug-in Renewable Energy 150

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Despite this, a 2003 EPRI study , assuming only $2/gallon gas , zero buying incentives, and a PHEV premium of $3-$5,000 more than standard hybrids, shows that the total lifetime cost of ownership for a PHEV will be lower than that of any other vehicle type -- so the payback will be there. Whats Vehicle-to-Grid and why would I like it?

PHEV 37

PHEV Nickel Metal Hydride Prius EPRI 37

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Fisker $80,000 Karma series luxury 50-mile range series PHEV, S Sunset convertible version.Partnering with Quantum Technologies. Small long-term evaluation program, including modeling of vehicle-to-grid building benefits and economics, begun with Southern California Edison, joined by EPRI, other utilities, US DOE. Batteries not ready.

Plug-in 45

Plug-in Plug Hybrid PHEV 45