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U Calgary study finds oil shale most energy intensive upgraded fuel followed by in-situ-produced bitumen from oil sands

Green Car Congress

A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. This is not the same as crude oil occurring naturally in shales, as in the Bakken.

Oil-Sands 150
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Road Test: 2022 Lincoln Corsair PHEV Grand Touring AWD

Clean Fleet Report

To maximize performance and efficiency there are five driver selectable drive modes of Conserve, Normal, Excite, Slippery and Snow/Sand. The Environmental Protection Agency rates the Corsair’s fuel economy at 33 mpg highway and combined when running in hybrid mode only. Rear seat room is generous for this class.

PHEV 103
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Road Test: 2022 Ford Escape PHEV Titanium FWD

Clean Fleet Report

Running on 87 octane, the front wheels (all-wheel drive is not available) are driven through a Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) that has five driver selectable drive modes of Eco, Normal, Sport, Slippery and Snow/Sand. The Environmental Protection Agency, EPA , rates fuel economy at 40 highway when running in gasoline mode only.

Escape 90
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Road Test: 2021 Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon 4xe

Clean Fleet Report

If you consider buying one, make sure you plan on spending time off-pavement seeking sand, mud and snow, as its DNA is far different from any other SUV on the market. Maintenance – Three years for three, no-cost oil changes and tire rotations. This 4×4 is all 4×4, dripping with Jeep’s legendary off-road heritage.

Jeep 77
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Road Test: 2022 Hyundai Santa Cruz Limited AWD

Clean Fleet Report

The “wet” part of a DCT means it uses oil to improve lubrication and cooling. A “dry” DCT does not use oil, but is the more fuel efficient of the two types. That is joined by exterior colors of Hampton Gray, Phantom Black, Sage Gray, Ice White and Mojave Sand. A torquey turbo four. Some of both obviously.

Hyundai 80