ICCT study examines current & projected use of heavy fuel oil in Arctic shipping; growth in BC emissions points to need for policies
Green Car Congress
MAY 8, 2017
Potential spills of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and emissions of black carbon (BC) are of particular concern for the Arctic. The majority of HFO carriage in the Geographic Arctic is attributable to ships flagged to non-Arctic states with major ship registries like Panama, the Marshall Islands, Liberia, Malta, and the Bahamas.
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