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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

Green Car Congress

Classification of potential electrical storage for stationary applications. However, the authors note, to date EES (almost exclusively pumped hydroelectric storage) contributes to only about 2% of the installed generation capacity in the United States. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. In their study, Yang et al.

Li-ion 231
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How clean is EV battery manufacturing?

Electric Auto Association

Whereas, battery EVs fueled on average grid electricity emit 105–124 g CO2 eq./km, UCS also reported that once the grid is fully renewable, the number for EVs is reduced to 41 g CO2 eq./km. A 30% decrease in grid carbon intensity would reduce emissions from the battery production chain by about 17%.

Clean 74
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How clean is EV battery manufacturing?

Electric Auto Association

Whereas, battery EVs fueled on average grid electricity emit 105–124 g CO2 eq./km, UCS also reported that once the grid is fully renewable, the number for EVs is reduced to 41 g CO2 eq./km. A 30% decrease in grid carbon intensity would reduce emissions from the battery production chain by about 17%.

Clean 59