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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

Green Car Congress

Classification of potential electrical storage for stationary applications. However, the authors note, to date EES (almost exclusively pumped hydroelectric storage) contributes to only about 2% of the installed generation capacity in the United States. Sodium-beta alumina membrane battery. Credit: ACS, Yang et al.

Li-ion 231
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How clean is EV battery manufacturing?

Electric Auto Association

Battery manufacturing is energy-intensive EV batteries offer the opportunity to take a huge step toward truly sustainable future mobility, but they currently carry a sizable environmental burden. When EV batteries degrade enough to be unsuitable for cars (about 70% capacity remaining), they are re-used for electricity storage.

Clean 74
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How clean is EV battery manufacturing?

Electric Auto Association

Battery manufacturing is energy-intensive EV batteries offer the opportunity to take a huge step toward truly sustainable future mobility, but they currently carry a sizable environmental burden. When EV batteries degrade enough to be unsuitable for cars (about 70% capacity remaining), they are re-used for electricity storage.

Clean 59