article thumbnail

PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

Green Car Congress

Classification of potential electrical storage for stationary applications. electricity) to hybrid and electrical vehicles, although the cost of implementing EES is of great concern. Among the most important factors are capital cost and life-cycle cost. 15 years) and a long cycle life (e.g.,

Li-ion 231