Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2009

plug-in hybrids, extended range electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles) are smart loads, and so fall into the third element. The basic concept of smart charging integrates three elements with different communications responsibilities: A smart grid utility systems operation center. Plug-in electric vehicles (i.e.,

Grid 239

Grid Plug-in Standards Plug 239

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

For the others, it is partnering with organizations like the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to focus on electric power generation, delivery and use, and working with communities, such as San Francisco, to ensure the development of integrated policies that will streamline adoption for consumers. Source: EPRI. Source: EPRI.

Plug-in 199

Plug-in Plug San Francisco GM 199

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Despite this, a 2003 EPRI study , assuming only $2/gallon gas , zero buying incentives, and a PHEV premium of $3-$5,000 more than standard hybrids, shows that the total lifetime cost of ownership for a PHEV will be lower than that of any other vehicle type -- so the payback will be there. The EPRI says lithium-ion batteries are ready now.

PHEV 37

PHEV Nickel Metal Hydride Prius EPRI 37

Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven

APRIL 21, 2009

Audi Volkswagen-owned company exploring PHEVs Metroproject Quattro Sub-compact PHEV Concept Car shown October 2007; PHEV of A1 Sportback under consideration Bright Automotive For-profit spin off from Rocky Mountain Institute designing lightweight PHEVs, successor to RMIs 1990s "Hypercar" concept. Has shown some concept fuel-cell PHEVs.

Plug-in 45

Plug-in Plug Hybrid PHEV 45