Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2011

Short-term transients, including those related to wind and solar sources, present challenges to the electrical grid. Stationary energy storage systems that can operate for many cycles, at high power, with high round-trip energy efficiency, and at low cost are required. Cost is a greater concern. —Yi Cui.

Low Cost 304

Low Cost Grid Power Powered 304

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2011

low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy. low-cost Na-ion battery system for upcoming power and energy. Lithium-ion rechargeable batteries perform well, but are too expensive for widespread use on the grid. Sodium-ion batteries have been discussed in the literature.

Sodium 218

Sodium Recharge Li-ion Batteries 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 15, 2011

published in the ACS journal Chemical Reviews , reviews in detail four stationary storage systems considered the most promising candidates for electrochemical energy storage: vanadium redox flow; sodium-beta alumina membrane; lithium-ion; and lead-carbon batteries. Single-cell and tubular design of a Na-beta battery.

Li-ion 231

Li-ion Energy Storage Grid Carbon 231