Alcohol Blend Engine Fuel Economy Resource 
Green Car Congress
MAY 1, 2009
A study by engineers from Mahle Powertrain Ltd and BP found strong synergy between spark ignition (SI) engine downsizing and fuel containing low-to-moderate amounts of alcohol, including ethanol and butanol. Combustion of the fuels was evaluated in a turbocharged four-cylinder 2.0-liter O 2 (% wt). Cairns et al.
Green Car Congress
MARCH 27, 2020
For the past four years, the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) National Laboratory consortium has focused research efforts primarily on turbocharged (boosted) spark-ignition (SI) engines for light-duty vehicles. The report highlights researchers’ answers to three vital questions: What fuels do engines want?
Green Car Congress
JUNE 28, 2019
Ten blendstocks from four chemical familes with the greatest potential to increase boosted SI engine efficiency (as determined by merit function scores). Co-Optima research and analysis identified the fuel properties needed for optimal operation of boosted SI LD engines through development of a merit function. Source: DOE.
Green Car Congress
AUGUST 30, 2009
The Brazilian experience shows that the presence of small (<10%) amounts of water in the fuel does not in itself cause a greater tendency to misfire in spark ignition engines than a proportionate leaning of the fuel/air mixture would do, provided that the vapor pressure of the hydrated ethanol at the ambient temperature is high enough.
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