PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon
Green Car Congress
MARCH 15, 2011
In addition to outlining requirements for ESS and general guidelines for investigating technologies, the paper by Yang et al., This type of application requires high round-trip energy efficiency and a long deep-cycle life, along with low operation and maintenance costs. The need for storage. EES must have a long calendar life (e.g., >15
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