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Harvard team demonstrates new metal-free organic–inorganic aqueous flow battery; potential breakthrough for low-cost grid-scale storage

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AQDSH 2 refers to the reduced form of AQDS. AQDS undergoes extremely rapid and reversible two-electron two-proton reduction on a glassy carbon electrode in sulfuric acid. First, scalability: AQDS contains only the Earth-abundant atoms carbon, sulphur, hydrogen and oxygen, and can be inexpensively manufactured on large scales.

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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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Classification of potential electrical storage for stationary applications. To be successful, systems will need to evolve—in some cases, considerably—to compete financially with the cost of natural gas production. Lead-carbon battery. Credit: ACS, Yang et al. Click to enlarge. In their study, Yang et al.

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