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PNNL study outlines requirements for grid storage, reviews four electrochemical energy storage systems: vanadium redox flow, Na-beta, Li-ion and lead-carbon

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The future grid will face significant challenges by providing clean power from intermittent resources to a much more dynamic load. In comparison, energy management, such as load shifting, requires systems of up to MWh or even GWh levels that are capable of discharge durations up to a few hours or more at designated power.

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Axion supplying PbC batteries to Norfolk Southern for all-battery switcher and working on line-haul hybrid locomotives; micro-hybrid and stationary expansion

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The battery-electric NS-999, “under the long hood”. In April, Axion Power International Inc received an order from Norfolk Southern Corp (NS) for PbC lead-carbon batteries for use in an all-battery-powered switcher locomotive. Source: NS. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.)

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