2003 Auto Industry Grid Power Grid 
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Power and Associates 2004 report ]. Despite this, a 2003 EPRI study , assuming only $2/gallon gas , zero buying incentives, and a PHEV premium of $3-$5,000 more than standard hybrids, shows that the total lifetime cost of ownership for a PHEV will be lower than that of any other vehicle type -- so the payback will be there.
Tony Karrer Delicious EVdriven
APRIL 21, 2009
Small long-term evaluation program, including modeling of vehicle-to-grid building benefits and economics, begun with Southern California Edison, joined by EPRI, other utilities, US DOE. By partnering with these two industries. By partnering with these two industries. Establishing dealer network. Ford Escape PHEV-40 around 2012.
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