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DeepGreen lifecycle analysis argues for sourcing EV battery materials from deep-sea polymetallic nodules

Green Car Congress

Polymetallic nodules are hard, compact lumps of matter formed through precipitation and interactions of water contained in seafloor sediments (pore waters) and more oxidized seawaters. Reinjection of deep seawater used for vertical transport in the mid-water column. From: “Where Should Metals For The Green Transition Come From”.

Batteries 269
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Devil In The Details: Is Copenhagens 2 ºC Guardrail Obsolete?

Green Car Congress

Above that, climate-induced changes “will be difficult for contemporary societies to cope with, and are likely to cause major societal and environmental disruptions”, with capacities for adaptation rapidly declining, and the likelihood of social disruption increasing via food insecurity, water shortages, and health impacts. [