Green Car Congress

JANUARY 7, 2015

Responding to press articles saying that the collapse of the global oil price is threatening oil and gas production in the off-shore Brazil pre-salt layer, Petrobras countered that it is expanding its production capacity “in an economically viable manner.”

Oil 150

Oil Oil Prices Gas Production 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2016

The research estimates that the growth of EVs will mean they represent a quarter of the cars on the road by that date, displacing 13 million barrels per day of crude oil but using 1,900 TWh of electricity. Lithium-ion battery costs have already dropped by 65% since 2010, reaching $350 per kWh last year. Although some 1.3

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Sale Global Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Net petroleum imports as a share of total US liquid fuels consumed drop from 49% in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 in AEO2012. EIA added a premium to the capital cost of CO 2 -intensive technologies to reflect current market behavior regarding possible future policies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Click to enlarge.

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Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 8, 2010

Total will not use carbon capture technology in the first phase of its Joslyn North Mine oil sands project, citing excessive cost. In 2009, the company suggested it was considering carbon capture and storage in its oil sands projects in Canada. In July, Total E&P Canada Ltd. Earlier post.).

Oil-Sands 231

Oil-Sands Oil Carbon 2020 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2011

will twin the southern section of its Athabasca Pipeline from the Kirby Lake, Alberta terminal to the Hardisty, Alberta crude oil hub at an estimated cost of approximately C$1.2 billion project, originally proposed in 2005, was seen as a way to diversify markets for oil sands crude, with exports targeted for Asia and California.

Oil-Sands 220

Oil-Sands Oil 2015 2005 220

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. In 2010, about 75% of the world’s vehicles were in OECD countries. liters per 100 km) in 2010. China will see the largest increase—more than 4 million oil-equivalent barrels per day.

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Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2009

Oil is a strategic commodity second to none—it underlies the global economy and even the American way of life. Of course, other countries benefit from this fact, with about $900 million flowing out of the US to buy foreign oil every day, and about 40% of that going to OPEC. [ Source: EIA. Click to enlarge.

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Oil Transportation Congress Fuel Economy 255

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. In this study we assess, under a wide range of scenarios, how much externality damage reduction plug-in vehicles can offer in the US and at what cost. Michalek et al. Click to enlarge. Michalek and colleagues. Michalek et al.

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PHEV Oil Emissions Batteries 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

Chevron’s focus on optimizing the thermal management of the Kern River field has resulted in a steady drop in the steam:oil ratio (barrels steam water per barrel oil), resulting in improved economics of the field even with slowly declining production. Data: California DOGGR. Click to enlarge. Source: Chevron. Click to enlarge.

Chevron 244

Chevron Oil Oil-Sands Production 244

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

The main conclusions of the report include: Compared to emission controls on MY 2010 US diesel trucks, today’s compact aftertreatment systems are 40% lighter, 60% smaller, and substantially less expensive. This has resulted in higher catalyst loading per volume of substrate and led to downsizing of systems from those available in 2010.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2010

A study by a team at the University Putra Malaysia concluded that the gasification of empty fruit bunch (EFB), a waste of the palm oil industry, could, if scaled up, produce hydrogen at a supply cost of $2.11/kg The US Department of Energy (DOE) 2015 cost target for hydrogen is $2.00-$3.00/kg kg EFB ($2.11/kg kg = $0.18/Nm

Waste 231

Waste Hydrogen Oil Industrial 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2010

Pyrolysis bio-oils are produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass by heating in the absence of oxygen at more than 500 °C; fast pyrolysis of biomass is much less expensive than biomass conversion technologies based on gasification or fermentation processes. Solid arrows: Pyrolysis oil is directly passed over the zeolite catalyst.

Oil 225

Oil Convert Hydrogen Fuel 225

Green Car Congress

JUNE 18, 2020

which was sold to Amazon in 2010. EcoCooling uses only ionized and cooled air and has none of the environmental hazards and costs related to oil-based fluids. Another big advantage is that it eliminates toxic fluid waste and fumes, in addition to minimizing CO 2 emissions, since no oil is used. —Leo Hatjasalo.

Oil 243

Oil Global Maintenance Waste 243

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2010

Suncor is targeting 1 million barrels per day output in 2020, with its growth in the oil sands underpinned by its alliance with Total. Approximately 80% of that production will be from the oil sands. The agreement with Total is an important element of Suncor’s plans to more than double our oil sands production.

Oil-Sands 199

Oil-Sands Oil 2020 2011 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

Examples of emerging oil sands related technologies and trade-offs. The paper is an examination of how various choices about the scale of the life cycle analysis applied to oil sands (i.e., The source material is neither oil nor tar but bitumen, but is most generally described as an example of ultraheavy oil.”.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. Across OECD nations, the Outlook assumes the implied cost of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will reach about $80 per tonne in 2040.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2009

The provincial government of Alberta and the federal government of Canada will invest C$865 million (US$822 million) in a large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the Athabasca oil sands. Two injection wells are in the test phase until early 2010. The total cost of the project is projected to be C$1.35

Oil-Sands 186

Oil-Sands Canada Oil Carbon 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 7, 2009

FY 2010 Budget requests are in green, the FY 2009 additional appropriation (Recovery Act funding) is in red. President Barack Obama’s Fiscal Year 2010 $26.4 However, the FY 2010 budget complements the $38.7 The FY 2010 budget request is $2,318.6 Click to enlarge. The budget request represents a 21.8% billion for DOE.

2010 150

2010 PHEV Hydrogen Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 1, 2012

AFS BioOil announced that initial tests conducted by the company since startup of the system confirm that production costs of biodiesel will be in the range of $2 per gallon when produced in a commercial system of 1 millon gallons/yr and greater. AFS BioOil was formed in 2010 as a spin out of Algae Floating Systems, Inc.

Commercial 236

Commercial Companies Renewable Low Cost 236

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2012

have committed several millions dollars of additional funds to Oxford Catalysts Group PLC, which is focused on the emerging market for distributed smaller scale production of synthetic oil via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. Toyo Engineering Corporation and MODEC, Inc. Earlier post.). In 2008, Kobe Steel Ltd.

Commercial 218

Commercial Brazil 2007 2008 218

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 14, 2020

Power steering is electric and as a result we don’t need to check the power steering oil level as there isn’t any. The cost of that usually starting just below $1,000 or changing the faulty modules (28 modules in a pack) individually that is much cheaper. Priuses can burn oil. Two out of our four Priuses burn oil.

2004 409

2004 Prius Cheap 2009 409

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2019

The main driver for the electrification trend over the next 20 years will be further sharp reductions in EV battery costs, making electric cars cheaper than internal combustion engine (ICE) alternatives by the mid-to-late 2020s in almost every market, on the basis of both lifetime costs and upfront costs.

Sale 341

Sale Global Cars Electric 341

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2012

In 2010, AT&T and other large US fleet operators joined in the Department of Energy’s Clean Cities’ National Clean Fleets Partnership as part of a national challenge launched by President Obama to cut America’s petroleum imports by one-third by 2025. Earlier post.) AT&T deployed the 5,000 th vehicle, a CNG van, in Palmdale, California.

2018 199

2018 Alternative Fuels Fuel Vehicles 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2012

In October 2011, the refinery yield of distillate fuels (a category that includes diesel fuel and heating oil) reached 29.7%, matching the previous record set in December 2008, according to figures from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). For all major products, only the distillate yield is higher now than it was in October 2001.

2001 199

2001 2011 Oil Gasoline 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2014

The average well drilling time in the pre-salt layer of Lula and Sapinhoá fields has declined by 55%, from 126 days in 2010 to 60 days in 2013. As a result of this reduction, the company has achieved major cost savings due to a decline in the number of days spent on drilling operations.

Brazil 218

Brazil 2013 2014 Oil 218

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2015

The cost of generating power from renewable energy sources has reached parity or dropped below the cost of fossil fuels for many technologies in many parts of the world, according to a new report released by the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). Real weighted average cost of capital is 7.5% Source: IRENA.

Renewable 150

Renewable Parts Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 12, 2012

The report also finds that by 2035 global energy savings could be equivalent to nearly 20% of global demand in 2010. The WEO finds that the extraordinary growth in oil and natural gas output in the United States will mean a sea-change in global energy flows. Oil demand reaches 99.7 Energy demand. — WEO-2012.

Global 225

Global 2012 Energy Oil 225

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2010

While conventionally pure vegetable or seed oils are used as raw materials for biodiesel, they are expensive, constituting between 70% and 85% of the overall biodiesel production cost, Kargbo says. As a result, he notes, the use of alternative nonedible feedstocks such as Jatropha, animal fats, and waste cooking oil is on the rise.

Diesel 199

Diesel Oil Philadelphia 2010 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2012

The report groups the efforts into five main categories: increasing energy independence through increased domestic production of oil and natural gas; building a 21 st century transportation sector; investing in clean energy, including renewables and nuclear; building more livable communities; and innovating for the next generation.

Obama 210

Obama Energy Fuel Economy Oil 210

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2013

In response to a Congressional mandate in 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) convened the Committee on Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels to assess the potential for vehicle and fuel technology options to achieve substantial reductions in petroleum use and GHG emissions by 2050 relative to 2005. —Douglas M.

Hydrogen 244

Hydrogen Oil Plug-in Fuel Economy 244

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Although co-production plants are much more costly than liquids-only configurations in terms of capital cost, Hari Mantripragadaa1 and Edward Rubin found, because of the high electricity revenues the cost of liquid product is lower than that of the liquids-only case, at market prices of electricity. Source: Mantripragada and Rubin.

Coal 231

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2019

The main conclusions in the report include: Several advanced technology options can be deployed on heavy-duty engines and vehicles to reduce NO x emissions by 75% below today’s heavy-duty FTP NO x standards while also meeting the 2024 heavy-duty Phase 2 greenhouse gas limits and reducing the total cost of ownership of trucks.

Standards 191

Standards Diesel 2019 Emissions 191

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 20, 2011

million vehicles per year in 2010 to more than 3.2 CAGR between 2010 and 2016). CAGR between 2010 and 2016—resulting in 32,619 vehicles sold in 2016. More and more fleet managers are attracted to the lower fuel costs of natural gas, in addition to the opportunity to reduce their vehicles’ carbon footprint.

2016 218

2016 Global Iran Sale 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2009

The hybrid transaxle in the upcoming Lexus HS 250h hybrid sedan ( earlier post ) will use an electric transmission oil pump in place of a mechanical pump, further shifting ancillary loads from mechanical to electrical propulsion, according to Toyota. An electric pump allows a more refined control strategy while reducing parasitic losses.

HS 250h 186

HS 250h Lexus Prius Oil 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2012

Environmental costs are often not shown on financial statements because the bearers of such costs can be either particular individuals or society at large, are often both non-monetary and problematic to quantify for comparison with monetary values. Source: KPMG. Source: KPMG. Click to enlarge. billion in 2005.

Climate Change 310

Climate Change Water Climate Global 310

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2010

Cenovus is an integrated oil company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, with an enterprise value of approximately C$26 billion. Cenovus anticipates achieving that growth at long term estimated average finding and development costs of approximately $8.00 An external evaluation of Cenovus Energy Inc.’s per barrel.

2019 199

2019 Production Energy Oil 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2009

China can create millions of jobs, reduce consumption of imported oil, and reduce CO 2 emissions by introducing cellulosic ethanol, according to a new report by Novozymes and McKinsey & Co. The report estimates that China can produce cellulosic ethanol at the cost of US$2.50 presented at the Boao Forum for Asia. per gallon by 2015.

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China Chinese 2010 Asia 150