Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

The researchers found that while EVs do offer a very promising solution to energy issues due to their replacement of petroleum fuels, for now “ the high pollution levels of coal-fired power plants will trade off EVs’ potential energy benefits in China ”. in 2006) but if they are replaced by EVs, the contribution would rise to 2-4%.

Coal 291

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline China 291

Green Car Congress

MAY 27, 2009

World marketed energy consumption is projected to grow by 44% between 2006 and 2030, driven by strong long-term economic growth in the developing nations of the world, according to the reference case projection from the International Energy Outlook 2009 ( IEO2009 ) released today by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

2006 150

2006 Emissions Energy Oil-Sands 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 20, 2013

Two energy-intensive subsectors (petroleum and coal products, and food) showed 3.5% Although nearly all manufacturers use energy as a fuel, 99% of feedstock energy use occurs in only three manufacturing subsectors: primary metals, chemicals, and petroleum and coal products. increases in their fuel consumption from 2002 to 2010.

2002 236

2002 Manufacturer Energy Coal 236

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2012

Coal accounted for 45% of total energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2011, followed by oil (35%) and natural gas (20%). China made the largest contribution to the global increase, with its emissions rising by 720 million tonnes (Mt), or 9.3%, primarily due to higher coal consumption. This represents an increase of 1.0 Gt on 2010, or 3.2%.

2011 230

2011 Global Emissions CO2 230

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

They used a lot more coal than they originally admitted to, several hundred million tons more. Another major shift is that China has become a voracious energy importer, especially of coal and liquefied natural gas. Like the United States, China has become among the world’s largest importers of oil, gas and coal.

Environment 210

Environment Energy Coal United States 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2009

At the end of January, DOE also issued the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities, Progress, and Plans Report to Congress as required by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT). Report to Congress. Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities, Progress, and Plans Report to Congress

Congress 150

Congress Hydrogen Market Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 2, 2013

2006) and Pope et al. For coal, oil, and natural gas, respectively, associated economic values of health impacts are $0.19–$0.45/kWh, For coal and oil, these costs are larger than the typical retail price of electricity, demonstrating the magnitude of the externality. The high (?) values are given by Laden et al.

EPA 277

EPA Emissions Fuel Climate Change 277

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

CRI, founded in 2006 in Reykjavik, Iceland, is developing technology to produce renewable methanol from clean energy and recycled CO 2 emissions. Methanol can be produced from a range of renewable sources and fossil-fuel based feed-stocks; in practice methanol is mainly produced in coal-rich China from coal. Methanol in China.

Renewable 150

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2017

Synthetic fuels may be used for other practical applications such as cooking and domestic heating, potentially resulting in up to 100 times less particulate emissions than coal fired stoves. Greyrock synthetic fuels can also improve diesel vehicle economy and extend the life of diesel engines by providing superior lubricity.

Diesel 150

Diesel China Los Angeles Nevada 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 26, 2009

China’s Yitai Group’s 160,000 tonne/year coal-to-liquids (CTL) plant in northern China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has produced qualified diesel oil and naphtha in its trial run. Construction of this indirect coal liquefaction project started in 2006 with a combined investment of near 2.7

Mongolia 150

Mongolia China Diesel Coal 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2009

World production of fossil fuels—oil, coal, and natural gas—increased 2.9% Coal has led the growth in fossil fuel production. In 2000, coal provided 28% of the world’s fossil fuel energy production, compared with 45% for oil. By 2008, coal production represented a third of fossil energy production. in 2008 to reach 27.4

2008 150

2008 Oil-Sands Production Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2009

billion went to traditional sources—such as coal and oil—and $2.3 billion went to carbon capture and storage, which is designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants. More than half the subsidies for renewables—$16.8 billion—are attributable to corn-based ethanol, the climate effects of which are disputed.

Renewable 338

Renewable Tax Credit Climate Change Fuel 338

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2016

This makes black liquor the fifth most important fuel in the world, next to coal, oil, natural gas, and gasoline. Since black liquor is derived from wood, it is the most important renewable bio-fuel, particularly in Sweden and Finland. One pathway that has been explored to produce biochemicals and fuels from black liquor is gasification.

Conversion 150

Conversion Diesel Green Finland 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

Although emissions vary by plant and with the specific type of fuel, EPA provided illustrative examples of CO 2 emissions from EGUs: Conventional coal: 1,800 lbs CO 2 /MWh. Coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS): 200 lbs CO 2 /MWh. A company could build a coal?fired Natural Gas Combined Cycle: 820 lbs CO 2 /MWh. fired EGUs.

EPA 225

EPA Power Powered Future 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 15, 2010

While oil sands emissions have more than doubled from 1990 to 2006, the absolute increase in emissions from oil sands over the same period is less than the absolute increase in Canadian electric or transportation sector emissions, and far less than the increases in these sectors on a North American basis, they note. Bergerson and David W.

Oil-Sands 225

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Coal 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

Between 2006 and 2015, California’s GDP per capita grew by almost $5,000 per person, nearly double the growth experienced by the US as a whole. Job growth between 2006 and 2015 in California outpaced rates experienced prior to 2006, and outpaced total US employment gains by 27%. below their 2006 levels. from 2014.

California 150

California Light Emissions Climate 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2009

1986-2006 deforestation, in red, alongside earlier. The 2006 Stern Economic Review of Climate Change estimated , for example, that protecting forests in just eight countries could avert up to 70% of emissions from land use at an initial cost of about USD 5 billion per annum. deforestation in Rondonia, Brazil. Click to enlarge.

Google 294

Google Climate Change Brazil 2006 294

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2018

Under Assembly Bill 32 passed in 2006, California must reduce its emissions to 1990 levels (431 million metric tons) by 2020. Due to the carbon price signal created by the Cap-and-Trade Program that makes fossil fuel generation more expensive, cleaner out-of-state electricity is increasingly taking the place of fuels such as coal.

2004 225

2004 2016 Emissions California 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

Tg CO 2 eq), after having increased by 43% from 1990 through 2006. Anthropogenic sources of CH 4 include natural gas and petroleum systems, agricultural activities, landfills, coal mining, wastewater treatment, stationary and mobile combustion, and certain industrial processes. In 2011, CH4 emissions from coal mining were 63.2

2007 285

2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2009

This initial version of ASTM D7566 provides criteria for the production, distribution and use of aviation turbine engine fuel produced from coal, natural gas or biomass using the Fischer-Tropsch process. The new standard was developed by Subcommittee D02.J0.06

Fuel 199

Fuel 2006 Alternative Fuels Coal 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 6, 2011

The technology smelts iron ore fines directly using non-coking coals, and provides environmental benefits over traditional ironmaking as it removes the need for coke ovens and sinter plants—both of which produce the majority of non-CO 2 emissions in ironmaking (including dioxins, furans and other carcinogens).

Australia 199

Australia Power Powered India 199

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 10, 2011

With subsidies long in place for nuclear, coal and gas in the US along with the cheap cost of production for coal and natural gas, solar is essentially competing with that $0.10/kWh The US has 1,750 MW of PV planned for 2011 and currently employs 100,000 people, more than coal mining or steel manufacturing.

Solar 246

Solar Future Energy New Jersey 246

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2013

The comparison involved a 2011 Smith Newton electric truck powered by a 120 kW electric motor, and a 2006 Freightliner truck powered by a Cummins diesel engine. The comparison controlled for improvements in diesel efficiency between 2006 and 2011. The two trucks had approximately the same gross vehicle weight, curb weight and payload.

Georgia 268

Georgia Diesel Gas-Electric Electric 268

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2016

The reduction of 6 billion cubic feet (Bcf) was the first summertime drawdown since 2006. The US is and has been in the midst of an epochal transition from coal-fired electricity to natural gas and renewables, a switch that will take many more years to play out. Natural gas consumption patterns are much more seasonal than for oil.

Gas 150

Gas Price Gas-Electric Oil 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2010

The new plan reflects this significant progress, and updates and expands upon previous editions of the Hydrogen Posture Plan, issued in 2006 and 2004. Well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions. Source: DOE. Click to enlarge. Improve the performance and reduce the cost of hydrogen storage systems.

Hydrogen 271

Hydrogen 2010 Fuel 2015 271

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2013

The world’s total energy consumption in 2006 was equivalent to a constant-use rate of 16 terawatts (TW); of that, an average rate of 6.7 Human energy consumption distributes energy that had lain dormant and sequestered for millions of years, mostly in the form of oil or coal.

Waste 262

Waste Miles Climate Change San Diego 262

Green Car Congress

MARCH 6, 2010

If Congress establishes a GHG emission cap-and-trade program, only sources not covered by the cap could generate offsets. Although Congress could address GHG emissions with alternative policies—e.g., Although Congress could address GHG emissions with alternative policies—e.g., what would have happened anyway). Transaction Costs.

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate Emissions 2008 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2011

MPa enable the system to operate with very high thermal efficiency, exceeding even those of a large coal-generated power plant and nearly twice as efficient as that of a gasoline engine (about 25%). 2006) Development Of A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle: Improving VHTR Efficiency And Testing Material Compatibility.

Conversion 220

Conversion CO2 Gas-Electric Albuquerque 220

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 3, 2010

The California LCFS calls for at least a 10% reduction from 2006 levels in the carbon intensity (measured in gCO 2 e/MJ) of California’s transportation fuels by 2020. The regulation also levies the calculation of Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) effects against biofuels, against the opposition of the biofuels industry.( Earlier post.).

California 199

California Oil-Sands Oil 2005 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

standards established in 2006 and the 1997 annual PM 2.5 To meet this proposed rule, EPA anticipates power plants will: Operate already installed control equipment more frequently; Use lower sulfur coal; or. Install pollution control equipment such as low NO x. EPA estimates the annual cost of compliance with the proposed rule at $2.8

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2009

ARB staff also noted that fuel cell durability has improved dramatically, including free-capable system lasting 1,900 hours in the field in 2008 (up from 950 hours in 2006) and 7,300 hours in the lab. Well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions in 2020. Source: DOE. Click to enlarge. Production. gallon of gasoline in today’s vehicles.

Hydrogen 150

Hydrogen Fuel California Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2009

Transportation sources accounted for approximately 40% of all GHG emissions in the US in 2006; medium- and heavy-duty vehicles (above 8,500 gross vehicle weight rating) represent about 22% of the transportation emissions, up from 15 percent in 1990, according to the EPA.

2017 281

2017 Fuel T600 Diesel 281

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

An industrial capital expenditure and fuel price adjustment for coal and residual fuel has been applied to reflect risk perception about the use of those fuels relative to natural gas.

Fuel 225

Fuel Energy Sale 2013 225

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 29, 2009

The 15 th Congress, also known as the 15 th Conference of Parties, or COP 15, was initially intended to be a largely procedural summit, with many major negotiating points settled and most environmental ministers prepared to sign a binding emissions treaty that contained specific emissions targets as well as commitments to financing structures.

Climate 236

Climate Climate Change 2009 Emissions 236

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2011

Initial areas of application for the Materials Genome are in energy storage, photovoltaics and photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and mercury adsorption from high temperature coal gasification. For the paper on phosphates, Ceder and his group obtained their set of known compounds from the 2006 ICSD database. Earlier post.)

Li-ion 220

Li-ion MIT Ni-Li Obama 220

Green Car Congress

MARCH 22, 2010

If cap-and-trade in the United States were to become reality along the lines of proposals now before Congress, up to 2 billion of the new credits would be drawn from carbon offsets, potentially increasing the worldwide supply of such credits by a factor of seven. 100% for some agricultural processes. Mr. Donovan is CEO of Renergie, Inc.

Carbon 255

Carbon Climate Change Climate Emissions 255

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2011

Argonne National Laboratory received R&D 100 Awards in 2002 and 2006 for developing the technology and has completed successful pilot tests. We started our RW-EDI technology partnership with Argonne by advancing the use of this technology to allow impaired water to be used as cooling water in coal-based power plants.

Coal 210

Coal Waste Water 2002 210