Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). The E10 fuels were blended together in four equal parts to create the final E10 fuel.

Fuel Economy 186

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

Among the findings: Summer surface ozone (O 3 ) decreases in most locations due to widespread reductions of traffic NO x emissions. Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels. Seasons and times of day. Schnell et al. Schnell, Vaishali Naik, Larry W.

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Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal 281

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has released. The Air Resources Board is required to update the Scoping Plan every five years. Achieving our long-term climate goal and 2032 ozone standards will require a much deeper penetration of ZEVs into the fleet. The draft version was released in February. Earlier post.).

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Climate Change Climate California Ozone 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 26, 2018

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) approved a plan to mitigate statewide harm from more than 10,000 tons of smog-causing pollutants released in the state due to Volkswagen’s (VW) use of illegal “defeat devices” in diesel passenger cars. More than 10 million Californians live in areas in extreme non-compliance areas for ozone.

Ozone 277

Ozone Vehicles California Installation 277

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2017

For light-duty vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, and vans, the European Union produced nearly 70% of the excess diesel nitrogen oxide emissions. In Europe, the ozone mortality burden each year would be 10% lower if diesel vehicle nitrogen oxide emissions were in line with certification limits.

Diesel 230

Diesel International Emissions Ozone 230

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Criegee radicals have been impossible to measure until this work carried out at the Advanced Light Source. Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust. lower ozone formation potential of the carbonyl compounds present than DF under the identical operating conditions. Jakober, 2008). In addition, there was an 18.0–35.8%

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

Among the findings of the report, “HFC-134a phase-out in the Chinese light-duty motor vehicle sector”, was that, considering the social cost of CO 2 e, up to 1 trillion RMB in costs (US$150 billion) required to address climate change could be avoided through 2050 by transitioning to low-GWP alternative MACs. Background.

China 150

China Ozone Chinese United States 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2015

Widespread adoption of electric transportation, including electrification in the off-road sector, could lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and could modestly improve air quality, according to a new analysis released by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).

EPRI 150

EPRI Cleaner Grid Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Ranges in passenger occupancy can easily change the relative performance of modes, with large aircraft performing better than light rail in some of the areas investigated. Samples of the findings include: Off-peak urban diesel buses has the largest energy consumption and GHG emissions per PKT, followed by the three light-duty vehicles.

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2011

systems in areas classified “Serious,” “Severe,” or “Extreme” for nonattainment of the ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). Since 2006, all new automobiles and light trucks (pickups, vans, and SUVs) are equipped with ORVR. The CAA requires states to implement Stage II gasoline vapor recovery.

EPA 186

EPA Gasoline 2013 Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. The Air Resources Board is required to update the Scoping Plan every five years. Transportation. —Draft Scoping Plan Update.

Transportation 273

Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. An 80% reduction of GHG emissions is targeted for 2050, relative to 1990 levels.

Climate 257

Climate Gas Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2013

Having approval for such a high octane certification fuel would, the EPA proposed in the Tier 3 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking: help manufacturers that wish to raise compression ratios to improve vehicle efficiency, as a step toward complying with the 2017 and later light-duty greenhouse gas and CAFE standards (2017 LD GHG). psi RVP and 7.8

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EPA Fuel Parts Gasoline 255

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) cited Dr. Wall for his leadership role in the development and implementation of all the major technology advancements ultimately leading to the near-zero levels of emissions of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen from engines. The selection committee is comprised of past award winners.

Climate Change 150

Climate Change Pollution Climate Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 2, 2015

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) staff has published a discussion draft of a. ARB staff developed this strategy using a multi-pollutant scenario planning tool ( Vision 2.0 ) that quantifies changes in ozone and PM 2.5 Projected statewide light duty vehicle technology mix. Vision 2.0 Click to enlarge. Passenger vehicles.

Clean 150

Clean Cleaning Emissions Cleaner 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Black carbon can also absorb light reflecting from the surface, which helps make it such a potent warming agent. 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b]. 1990; Anisimov, 2007] and chemical production of ozone in already-polluted locations [Jacobson, 2008b].

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Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2017

Percent reduction in visible solar energy due to ambient PM (plus a small contribution from ozone) (A), only dust PM deposition (B) deposition of all PM components (C), and atmospheric and deposited combined (D; note change in scale). Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. —Michael Bergin. 7b00197.

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Solar Energy Global Production 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3 Shindell et al. Anenberg, R.

Climate 231

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced its support for the new Phase 2 MDHD rulemaking. In order to achieve the 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards set by US EPA, CARB estimates that the South Coast Air Basin alone (including Los Angeles) will need an 80% reduction in NO x emissions by 2031.

EPA 150

EPA Fuel Standards Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2010

An unambiguous ranking of the specific climate impact can be established for freight transportation, with shipping and rail having lowest and light trucks and air transport having highest specific impact for all cases calculated. As planes fly at high altitudes, their impact on ozone and clouds is disproportionately high, though short lived.

Global 225

Global Climate Change Climate 2000 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2016

Efforts to commercialize light-weight, energy-dense lithium-sulfur secondary batteries (2510 Wh kg –1 ) have been stalled by ongoing problems with the battery’s membrane, which limits cycle-life. Sepion’s polymer membrane technology provides a counterpoint, yielding long-lasting lithium-sulfur cells.

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Manufacturer EPRI Lithium Sulfur Carbon Fiber 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2010

Illustration of light-duty vehicle sales share by emission certification level projected to be required to meet. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is developing a proposal for more stringent emission requirements—i.e., Staff proposes to require all light-duty vehicles to comply with the zero evaporative standard.

Emissions 186

Emissions Fleet California Vehicles 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

Aerosols can have either a warming or cooling effect, depending on their composition, but the two aerosol types that Shindell modeled—sulfates and nitrates—scatter incoming light and affect clouds in ways that cool Earth. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell, D.T.,

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 Some engine manufacturers may choose to include a light-off SCR catalyst before the DOC in a twin SCR system arrangement with dual urea dosing, to gain experience with the types of strategies that may be needed for lower NO x limits in 2027.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Besides greenhouse gases, environmental effects such as eutrophication, acid rain, tropospheric ozone and emissions of particles were included in the study, along with emissions from the use of biofuels in light and heavy vehicles. Direct and indirect land use changes were also studied. (A A hat-tip to John!).

Climate 170

Climate Waste Climate Change Sweden 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 17, 2012

In a liquid phase, the organic materials would absorb other compounds such as ammonia or ozone very easily and then progress through a series of chemical changes (known as chemical aging) to form particles that reflect or absorb sunlight, or form clouds. The experiments at Harvard, using particles of ? —Kuwata Mikinori. 1209071109.

Climate 252

Climate Global Ozone Water 252

Green Car Congress

APRIL 12, 2013

For unsaturated hydrocarbons—molecules with at least one C=C double bond—a prominent removal mechanism is reaction with ozone, called ozonolysis. Hydrocarbons that are emitted into Earth’s troposphere, either naturally or by humans, are removed by many reactive atmospheric species. Taatjes, Oliver Welz, Arkke J. Eskola, John D.

Water 218

Water Universal Ozone Insight 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

Clean clouds and non-light-absorbing (transparent) particles scatter or reflect sunlight, reducing the amount of solar energy that is absorbed by the surface. Most of this infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere, but some is absorbed by GHG molecules like CO 2 , methane, ozone and others. Source: EPA.

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Congress EPA Carbon Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

In contrast, the industrial and power sectors release many of the same gases—with a larger contribution to radiative forcing—but they also emit sulfates and other aerosols that cause cooling by reflecting light and altering clouds. “We We wanted to provide the information in a way that would be more helpful for policy makers. Unger et al.

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Power Powered 391

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2010

The transportation calculation noes not include the implementation of the new national light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas standards ( earlier post ) or other coming regulatory measures. This would buy the world an insurance policy equal to a delay of a decade worth of CO 2 emissions. Fifth Climate Action Report.

Climate 199

Climate 2020 Emissions Climate Change 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. The study, published online 27 August in the journal Science , for the first time evaluated nitrous oxide emissions from human activities in terms of their potential impact on Earth’s ozone layer. Resources. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 150

Ozone Emissions Climate 2009 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is soliciting research suggestions for the Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Annual Research Plan in the form of brief conceptual descriptions that address specified research gaps and support the Board’s ongoing regulatory and policy priorities. The deadline to submit research concepts is 31 January 2012.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. The DOE should continue to explore how the United States might use its abundant petroleum, natural gas, and biofuel resources in the most efficient manner.

MPG 150

MPG Miles 2009 Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2010

Researchers at the University of Colorado, Boulder and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) modeled the emissions impact had plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) replaced light duty gasoline vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area in summer 2006. Ozone concentration increases were modeled for small areas near central Denver.

Denver 170

Denver Ozone PHEV Colorado 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

The study, by a team of researchers from Carnegie Mellon University, University of Georgia, Aerodyne Research, California Air Resources Board (ARB), Ohio State University, UC Berkeley, and UC San Diego is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. We estimate ozone and SOA formation potential. —Saliba et al.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy 207

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

The bill also directs the President to work with the relevant Federal agencies and California to harmonize, to the maximum extent possible, the federal fuel economy standards, any emission standards promulgated by EPA, and the California standards for light-duty vehicles. light duty vehicles—e.g., Appliance Energy Efficiency.

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Climate Standards Carbon California 186