Emissions, Ozone, Study and Universal

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

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APRIL 10, 2023

New analysis has found increasing emissions of several ozone-depleting chemicals despite their production being banned for most uses under the Montreal Protocol—and a loophole in the rules is likely responsible. According to the researchers, emissions from these CFCs currently do not significantly threaten ozone recovery.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions Global Switzerland

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

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JANUARY 8, 2023

The Health Effects Institute (HEI) has launched two new studies funded under RFA 21-1, Quantifying Real-World Impacts of Non-Tailpipe Particulate Matter Emissions. What is the contribution of NTP emissions to ambient PM in large, high traffic cities? The project will be executed as four integrated sub-studies.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution Exhaust London

York study: Less traffic in first UK lockdown reduced NO2 pollution but caused increase in surface ozone

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DECEMBER 27, 2020

Less traffic on the roads during the first COVID-19 lockdown in the UK led to a reduction in air pollution but may have caused potentially damaging surface ozone levels to rise, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of York. The 25–75% range is shown by the shaded area. —Professor Lee.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution 2020 2015

UB study finds link between ambient ozone exposure, artery wall thickness

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MAY 31, 2019

Long-term exposure to ambient ozone appears to accelerate arterial conditions that progress into cardiovascular disease and stroke, according to a new University at Buffalo study. The longitudinal study followed nearly 7,000 people aged 45 to 84 from six US regions: Winston-Salem, North Carolina; New York City; Baltimore; St.

Ozone

Ozone Los Angeles North Carolina New York City

Study finds COVID-19 lockdown in China brought only slight reduction in PM2.5 and ozone

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JULY 29, 2020

Large improvements of air quality in China during the lockdown have been widely reported, but new research shows that two pollutants harmful to human health—fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ozone—were only slightly reduced. and ozone were only slightly reduced or barely affected.

Ozone

Ozone China Pollution 2020

UCL-led study finds climate impact caused by growing space industry needs urgent mitigation

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JUNE 26, 2022

The rapidly growing space industry may have a greater climate effect than the aviation industry and undo repair to the protective ozone layer if left unregulated, according to a new study led by UCL and published in the journal Earth’s Future as an open-access paper. The space industry is one of the world’s fastest growing sectors.

Climate

Climate Ozone Industrial Industry

Harvard/Nanjing study: China’s war on PM2.5 pollution is causing more severe ozone pollution

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JANUARY 3, 2019

In early 2013, the Chinese government declared a war on air pollution and began instituting stringent policies to regulate the emissions of PM 2.5. Cities restricted the number of cars on the road, coal-fired power plants reduced emissions or were shuttered and replaced with natural gas. Over the course of five years, PM 2.5

Ozone

Ozone Pollution China Chinese

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

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MARCH 1, 2019

A new study provides the most detailed picture available to date of the global, regional, and local health impacts attributable to emissions from four transportation subsectors: on-road diesel vehicles; other on-road vehicles; shipping; and non-road mobile engines such as agricultural and construction equipment. Source: The ICCT.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 2010 Exhaust

China study connects ozone pollution to cardiovascular health

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JULY 17, 2017

Exposure to ozone, long associated with impaired lung function, is also connected to health changes that can cause cardiovascular disease such as heart attack, high blood pressure and stroke, according to a new study of Chinese adults. The team studied 89 healthy adults living in Changsha City, China, for one year.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Connect Connected

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

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NOVEMBER 9, 2016

They found that the increase in ozone burden due to the spatial distribution change slightly exceeds the combined influences of the increased emission magnitude and global methane. Based on their findings, they suggested that emission increases in Southeast, East and South Asia may be most important for the ozone change.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution Global North Carolina

Study: ozone levels higher across China than in other countries tracking the air pollutant

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SEPTEMBER 4, 2018

In China, people breathe ozone-laden air two to six times more often than people in the United States, Europe, Japan, or South Korea, according to a new international study published in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2017 for one ozone metric. The inset shows ozone trends in Beijing (red) and Los Angeles (blue).

Ozone

Ozone Pollution China South Korea

Study quantifies impact of oil and gas emissions on Denver’s ozone problem

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AUGUST 12, 2016

The first peer-reviewed study to directly quantify how emissions from oil and natural gas (O&NG) activities influence summertime tropospheric ozone (O 3 ) pollution in the Colorado Front Range confirms that chemical vapors from oil and gas activities are a significant contributor to the region’s chronic ozone problem.

Ozone

Ozone Oil Gas Emissions

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

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OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

Emissions

Emissions Diesel Ozone United States

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

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FEBRUARY 6, 2018

Ozone levels across much of North America and Europe dropped significantly between 2000 and 2014. People living in parts of southern Europe, South Korea and southern Japan and China also experienced more than 15 days a year of ozone levels above 70 ppb. Source: University of Leicester. Click to enlarge.

Ozone

Ozone Global North America Colorado

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

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JUNE 17, 2016

As California continues to reduce local sources of ozone, ozone entering the state from the Pacific makes up a larger fraction of measured ozone levels. An ozonesonde is a balloon which measures ozone from the surface to more than 10 kilometers above the ground.

San Jose

San Jose Ozone Universal Transportation

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

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FEBRUARY 15, 2020

More than half of all air-quality-related early deaths in the United States are a result of emissions originating outside of the state in which those deaths occur, MIT researchers report in a paper in the journal Nature. Now it’s looking like other emissions sectors are becoming important. That wasn’t really possible before.

MIT

MIT Pollution Emissions 2005

University of Kentucky chemist receives NSF grant to study atmospheric reactions of pollution

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AUGUST 16, 2019

University of Kentucky Chemistry Professor Marcelo Guzman has received a three-year grant from the National Science Foundation (NSF) for research, education and outreach efforts in the field of environmental and atmospheric chemistry. Both types of emissions cause tiny particles to be suspended in air. —Prof.

Kentucky

Kentucky Pollution Grant Universal

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

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OCTOBER 12, 2018

A team from Duke University in the US and University of York in the UK have utilized a novel method to estimate long-term ozone exposure and previously reported epidemiological results to quantify the health burden from long-term ozone exposure in three major regions of the world.

Ozone

Ozone 2015 United States Europe

Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

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APRIL 29, 2014

A study by a pair of researchers at Northwestern University found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. The four-year study by chemist Franz M. Their paper appears in the journal Nature Geoscience.

Ozone

Ozone Gasoline Pollution Gasoline-Electric

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

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SEPTEMBER 4, 2014

Ozone, the main component of smog, is a plant-damaging pollutant formed by emissions from vehicles, cooking stoves and other sources. New research shows that ozone pollution damaged millions of tons of wheat, rice, soybean and cotton crops in India in 2005. Surface ozone pollution in India damaged 6 million metric tons (6.7

Ozone

Ozone 2005 India Pollution

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

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MAY 5, 2014

Ozone pollution across the continental United States will become far more difficult to keep in check as temperatures rise, according to new work led by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). Ozone formation. Scenario A2 and RCP 8.5. The RCP 8.5

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

Study associates long-term exposure to air pollution with increasing emphysema

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AUGUST 15, 2019

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, especially O 3 (ozone), is significantly associated with increasing emphysema, according to a new study led by the University of Washington, Columbia University and the University at Buffalo. This work in the MESA Air study was led at the University of Washington.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Washington Universal

HEI study in Europe finds evidence of health effects at lower levels of air pollution

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SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

A major new Health Effects Institute (HEI) report presents a study examining associations between exposures to relatively low levels of air pollution and several health outcomes among participants in 22 European cohorts. particle composition. particle composition.

Pollution

Pollution Europe Ozone Boston

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

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MARCH 17, 2020

Researchers at the University of California, Irvine and other institutions have conducted a statistical analysis of pollution exposure and yields from 1980 to 2015 on a key sector making up about 38% of the state’s total agricultural output: perennial crops such as almonds, grapes, nectarines, peaches, strawberries and walnuts.

Ozone

Ozone Davis San Diego Pollution

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

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NOVEMBER 7, 2017

Ozone pollution near Earth’s surface is one of the main ingredients of summertime smog. It is also not directly measurable from space due to the abundance of ozone higher in the atmosphere, which obscures measurements of surface ozone. —Jin et al.

Ozone

Ozone Insight Netherlands North America

Rice/EPA study finds ground-level ozone falling faster than CMAQ model predicted

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MARCH 11, 2013

Researchers from Rice University and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) report in a paper in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry that particularly in Northeastern cities, ozone levels dropped even beyond what was anticipated by cutting emissions of NO x from 2002 to 2006. This is good news. Earlier post.).

Ozone

Ozone EPA 2002 2006

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

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MAY 15, 2017

A new international study has found that laboratory tests of nitrogen oxide emissions from diesel vehicles significantly underestimate the real-world emissions by as much as 50%. Real-world NO x emission factors by vehicle emissions standard in key regions. A paper on the work is published in the journal Nature.

Diesel

Diesel International Emissions Ozone

International study finds air pollution leads to millions of hospital visits for asthma attacks worldwide

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OCTOBER 28, 2018

Air pollution—specifically PM 2.5 , ozone and NO 2 —could be to blame for up to 33 million emergency asthma attack visits to hospital a year, according to a new open-access study published in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives. Anthropogenic emissions were responsible for ?37% impacts, respectively.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone International Aura

Study: 25% EV adoption would save US $17B annually from avoided climate change & pollution damages

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 18, 2020

A new study led by researchers from Northwestern University projects that if electric vehicles replaced 25% of combustion engine cars currently on the road, the United States would save approximately $17 billion annually by avoiding damages from climate change and air pollution. Results show that in more aggressive scenarios—i.e.,

Climate Change

Climate Change Pollution Climate 2014

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

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JULY 18, 2022

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has released the results of a multiyear study evaluating exhaust emissions from the use of California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG) that contains 15 volume percent ethanol (E15). The study used two fuels—an E10 and E15. SULEV30, ULEV50, ULEV70, and ULEV125).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel Ozone

Texas study finds PHEV use could increase ozone at night, decrease ozone during the day

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APRIL 22, 2011

A study by researchers at the University of Texas found that in general, use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) can lead to an increase in ozone during nighttime hours (due to decreased scavenging from both vehicles and EGU stacks) and a decrease in ozone during daytime hours.

Ozone

Ozone PHEV Texas San Antonio

Study finds US air pollution deaths nearly halved between 1990 and 2010

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OCTOBER 20, 2018

A new study led by researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has found that deaths related to air pollution in the US were nearly halved between 1990 and 2010. The open-access study is published in the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. —Jason West, study co-author. Zhang et al.

Pollution

Pollution 2010 Ozone North Carolina

Study finds that current approach to limiting wintertime pollution may initially backfire

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MAY 10, 2019

The processes that create ozone pollution in the summer can also trigger the formation of wintertime air pollution, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder and NOAA, in partnership with the University of Utah. A key control strategy is to reduce emissions of the limiting reagent.

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Utah Denver

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

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JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America

North America Ozone Asia America

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

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AUGUST 29, 2013

Annual average concentrations of fine particulates from US sources of combustion emissions from (a) electric power generation; (b) industry; (c) commercial and residential sources; (d) road transportation; (e) marine transportation; (f) rail transportation; (g) sum of all combustion sources; (h) all sources. Source: MIT. Click to enlarge.

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Power

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

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APRIL 15, 2019

Researchers from Northwestern University and Princeton University have explored the impact on US air quality from an aggressive conversion of internal combustion vehicles to battery-powered electric vehicles (EVs). Across scenarios, we found the more cars that transitioned to electric power, the better for summertime ozone levels.

Conversion

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

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APRIL 11, 2019

About 4 million children worldwide develop asthma each year because of inhaling nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) air pollution, according to an open-access study published in The Lancet Planetary Health by researchers at the George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH). —Susan Anenberg.

Pollution

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

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MAY 1, 2018

NO x emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO 2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data, according to a new study by an international team of researchers.

Emissions

Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

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FEBRUARY 16, 2018

Consumer products such as shampoo, cleaning products and paint now contribute as much to emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cities as tailpipe emissions from vehicles, according to a new study led by NOAA. Total VOC emission factors for end uses of petrochemical sources in the study. McDonald et al.

Pollution

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles

Emissions of potent GHG HFC-23 have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions

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JANUARY 23, 2020

Despite reports that global emissions of the potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23, were almost eliminated in 2017, an international team of scientists, led by the University of Bristol, has found atmospheric levels growing at record values. As a result, they reported that they had almost completely eliminated HFC-23 emissions by 2017.

Emissions

Emissions Ozone India 2017

PM2.5, O3 pollution associated with development of Alzheimer’s disease; new study identifies evolving axonal damage

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DECEMBER 23, 2018

and ozone at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A 2015 study found a 138% risk of increase of AD per increase of 4.34 ?g/m This study focused on studying 507 CSF normal samples from children, teens and young adults average age 12.8±6.7

Pollution

Pollution Ozone Mexico Montana

Airborne measurements show ozone-forming VOCs emissions from ethanol plant higher than government estimates

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MAY 5, 2015

New airborne measurements downwind from an Archer Daniels Midland fuel ethanol plant in Decatur, Illinois, show that ethanol emissions are 30 times higher than government baseline estimates. VOCs and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone, the main component of smog. That is where this study fits in.

Ozone

Ozone Emissions Colorado Coal

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2018

Scientists around Professor Thomas Münzel, Director of Cardiology I at the Department of Cardiology at the Medical Center Mainz of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU), reviewed the mechanisms responsible for vascular damage from air pollution together with scientists from the UK and the US. —Münzel et al.

Pollution

Pollution Insight Ozone Cleveland

UMD-led study finds China’s SO2 emissions down 75% since 2007, India’s up 50%; India may now be the top SO2 emitter

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2017

Although China and India remain the world’s largest consumers of coal, a new University of Maryland-led study found that China’s sulfur dioxide emissions fell by 75% since 2007, while India’s emissions increased by 50%. The open access study is published in the journal Scientific Reports. Click to enlarge.

India

India 2007 Emissions Aura

Study finds global emissions of several banned ozone-destroying CFCs are increasing

HEI launches two new non-tailpipe particulate emission studies

York study: Less traffic in first UK lockdown reduced NO2 pollution but caused increase in surface ozone

UB study finds link between ambient ozone exposure, artery wall thickness

Study finds COVID-19 lockdown in China brought only slight reduction in PM2.5 and ozone

UCL-led study finds climate impact caused by growing space industry needs urgent mitigation

Harvard/Nanjing study: China’s war on PM2.5 pollution is causing more severe ozone pollution

Study links ambient PM2.5 and ozone specifically caused by vehicle exhaust emissions to ~361,000 premature deaths worldwide in 2010 and ~385,000 in 2015

China study connects ozone pollution to cardiovascular health

Study finds pollution emitted near equator has biggest impact on global ozone

Study: ozone levels higher across China than in other countries tracking the air pollutant

Study quantifies impact of oil and gas emissions on Denver’s ozone problem

Study: curbing diesel emissions could reduce mortality rates in big cities

TOAR shows present-day global ozone distribution and trends relevant to health; public database

CARB, NOAA, NASA and San Jose State University scientists team up to study ozone transported across Pacific

MIT study: half of US deaths related to air pollution are linked to out-of-state emissions

University of Kentucky chemist receives NSF grant to study atmospheric reactions of pollution

Duke/York study finds long-term exposure to ozone has significant impacts on human health, but lower than prior modeling results

Study finds São Paulo switch from ethanol to gasoline dropped local ozone levels by 20%, increased CO and nitric oxide concentrations

Study: surface ozone in India in 2005 damaged 6M tonnes of crops, enough to feed 94M people in poverty

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Study associates long-term exposure to air pollution with increasing emphysema

HEI study in Europe finds evidence of health effects at lower levels of air pollution

UCI-led study finds California’s strict air quality regulations have helped farmers

Satellite method provides insight into ozone-NOx-VOCs sensitivity for different locations

Rice/EPA study finds ground-level ozone falling faster than CMAQ model predicted

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

International study finds air pollution leads to millions of hospital visits for asthma attacks worldwide

Study: 25% EV adoption would save US $17B annually from avoided climate change & pollution damages

CARB releases results of multi-year E15 study; multiple air quality benefits with slight reduction in fuel economy

Texas study finds PHEV use could increase ozone at night, decrease ozone during the day

Study finds US air pollution deaths nearly halved between 1990 and 2010

Study finds that current approach to limiting wintertime pollution may initially backfire

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

Study finds significant slowdown in decrease of NOx emissions in US; implications for air quality management

Study: consumer products overtake transportation as largest source of VOCs air pollution in cities

Emissions of potent GHG HFC-23 have grown, contradicting reports of huge reductions

PM2.5, O3 pollution associated with development of Alzheimer’s disease; new study identifies evolving axonal damage

Airborne measurements show ozone-forming VOCs emissions from ethanol plant higher than government estimates

Study provides more insight into air pollution mechanisms that cause cardiovascular diseases

UMD-led study finds China’s SO2 emissions down 75% since 2007, India’s up 50%; India may now be the top SO2 emitter

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