Carbon, Coal, Pollution and Resource

Stanford study finds current carbon capture technology inefficient & increases air pollution

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 27, 2019

Jacobson, professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University, suggests that carbon capture technologies are inefficient and increase air pollution. All sorts of scenarios have been developed under the assumption that carbon capture actually reduces substantial amounts of carbon. —Mark Jacobson.

Pollution

Pollution Carbon Coal Wind

US DOE, Natural Resources Canada open pilot plant to advance oxy-combustion carbon capture at coal-fired power plants

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2016

The US Department of Energy (DOE) and Canada’s Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) opened a new 1 Megawatt thermal (MW th ) facility to test an advanced process to capture CO 2 emissions from coal-fired power plants. Successful results from this project will help scale up the oxy-PFBC process to commercial scale.

Canada

Canada Coal Carbon Power

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2019

Driven by rising natural gas and oil consumption, levels of CO 2 are expected to hit 37 billion metric tons this year, according to new estimates from the Global Carbon Project (GCP), an initiative led by Stanford University scientist Rob Jackson. and China account for more than half of all carbon dioxide emissions globally.

Carbon

Carbon Global Emissions Climate Change

Conservation group opposing Thacker Pass lithium mine seeks endangered status for Kings River pyrg (snail)

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2022

Thacker Pass is the largest known lithium resource in the United States. In 2018, Lithium Americas completed a pre-feasibility study (PFS) on a two-phase project with a production capacity designed to reach 60,000 tpa of battery- quality lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and 46-year mine life. Earlier post.). Thacker Pass. Background.

Nevada

Nevada Coal Pollution Argentina

CMU study finds that coal retirement is needed for EVs to reduce air pollution

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2016

Electric vehicles charged in coal-heavy regions can create more human health and environmental damages from life cycle air emissions than gasoline vehicles, according to a new consequential life cycle analysis by researchers from Carnegie Mellon University. UC stands for uncontrolled charging and CC stands for controlled charging.

Coal

Coal Pollution Grid Gasoline-Electric

Black carbon linked to increased cardiovascular risk; exacerbated by co-exposure to motor vehicle emissions

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 26, 2014

Black carbon (BC) from incomplete biomass and fossil fuel combustion is the most strongly light-absorbing component of particulate matter (PM) air pollution and a major climate-forcing emission. Air pollution mitigation efforts focusing on reducing combustion pollution are likely to have major benefits for climate and human health.

Carbon

Carbon Emissions Motor Motors

DOE awards $7M to eight oxy-combustion coal technology projects; carbon capture, utilization and storage

Green Car Congress

JULY 26, 2012

The US Department of Energy (DOE) selected eight projects to advance the development of transformational oxy-combustion technologies capable of high-efficiency, low-cost carbon dioxide capture from coal-fired power plants. Babcock & Wilcox Power Generation Group.

Coal

Coal Carbon Gas-Electric Gas

BNEF, Snam, IGU report finds global gas industry set to resume growth post-pandemic; low-carbon technologies for long-term growth

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2020

However, the resulting low gas prices, as well as clean air and climate policies, will promote further switching to gas from other more polluting energy sources, such as oil and coal. Ample natural gas resources exist to support demand growth, but greater gas infrastructure development is needed to support growth in the medium term.

Gas

Gas Global Industrial Industry

Researchers in China investigate use of coal as source of lithium

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2015

Coal could become a major source of the metal lithium, according to a review of the geochemistry by scientists from Hebei University of Engineering in China published in the International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology. Indeed, the extraction of lithium from coal would offer an ironic twist to its continued use.

Coal

Coal China 2003 Gas-Electric

Electric vs. Gasoline Cars: Uncovering the Real Climate Savior

The Truth About Cars

FEBRUARY 23, 2024

Photo credit: Nick Starichenko / Shutterstock.com Contrary to common misconceptions , electric vehicles (EVs) generally have a smaller carbon footprint compared to traditional gasoline cars. However, the production of electricity for EV charging can result in carbon emissions, depending on the energy source.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Climate EPA

$1.1B Huineng SNG plant goes on-stream transforming coal into natural gas in China

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 18, 2014

Topsoe has designed the methanation section of this plant, which is the company’s second large-scale coal-based industrial SNG reference to begin operations in China following last years’ opening of Qinghua, the world’s largest SNG plant located in the Xinjiang region. Block diagram with major units of an SNG plant. Click to enlarge.

Coal

Coal Gas China Mongolia

Alaska Native Corporation Proposes Underground Coal Gasification Project with Carbon Capture for Power Generation

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2009

Underground coal gasification uses paired wells in a coal seam: one an oxidant injection well, the other the syngas producer well. CIRI), an Alaska Native corporation, is proposing an underground coal gasification (UCG) project that would use the resulting syngas to fuel a new 100 MW combined cycle power plant. Source: CIRI.

Alaska

Alaska Coal Corporation Carbon

DOE to award up to $14M to 6 new projects to advance IGCC with carbon capture technology for coal-fired plants

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2011

The US Department of Energy (DOE) will award up to $14 million to six projects aimed at developing technologies to lower the cost of producing electricity in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants using carbon capture. EPRI will team with Dooher Institute of Physics and Energy, Worley Parsons Group, Inc.,

Coal

Coal Carbon North Dakota EPRI

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

This despite evidence that suggests air pollution impacts from the transportation sector exceed those from greenhouse gases. … solar, wind, hydroelectric, and nuclear) as compared to the eastern US (EUS), where the electricity market is dominated by pollutant and precursor emitting combustion sources (i.e., —Schnell et al.

Conversion

Conversion Jordan Ozone Coal

Tsinghua/Argonne Study Finds That Mass Use of EVs in China Could Result in Higher CO2 and Criteria Pollutant Emissions Than Conventional and Hybrid Gasoline Vehicles Due to Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

The researchers found that while EVs do offer a very promising solution to energy issues due to their replacement of petroleum fuels, for now “ the high pollution levels of coal-fired power plants will trade off EVs’ potential energy benefits in China ”. The power of EVs is electricity from the grid. and NO x emissions.

Coal

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline China

NASA-led study suggests coal soot shrank Alpine glaciers in mid-1800s

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

A NASA-led team of scientists has uncovered strong evidence that coal soot from a rapidly industrializing Europe caused the abrupt retreat of mountain glaciers in the European Alps that began in the 1860s, a period often thought of as the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA). Black carbon is the strongest sunlight-absorbing atmospheric particle.

Coal

Coal Carbon Climate Europe

CSIRO study finds little to no environmental impact from fracing in Queensland

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2020

A comprehensive three-year scientific study into the air, water and soil impacts of hydraulic fracturing (HF) in coal seam gas (CSG) in Queensland, Australia has found little to no impacts on air quality, soils, groundwater and waterways. Increased levels of airborne particles were associated with dust from vehicle movement.

Coal

Coal Water Australia Gas

Obama Announces Steps to Boost Biofuels, Clean Coal; RFS2, BCAP, BIWG and Carbon Capture and Storage Task Force

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 4, 2010

In addition, President Obama issued a Presidential Memorandum creating an Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage to develop a comprehensive and coordinated federal strategy to speed the development and deployment of advanced lower-emission coal technologies.

Obama

Obama Coal Clean Cleaning

DOE releases draft of $8B loan guarantee solicitation for advanced fossil energy projects

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2013

The US Department of Energy (DOE) released a draft for comment of an $8-billion loan guarantee solicitation for innovative and advanced fossil energy projects and facilities that substantially reduce greenhouse gas and other air pollution. The program is part of President Obama’s climate action plan. Earlier post.).

Energy

Energy Coal Pollution 2005

US Awards $1B in Recovery Act Funding to FutureGen 2.0; Advanced Coal Repowering and CO2 Storage

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2010

US Energy Secretary Steven Chu and US Senator Dick Durbin announced the awarding of $1 billion in Recovery Act funding to the FutureGen Alliance, Ameren Energy Resources, Babcock & Wilcox, and Air Liquide Process & Construction, Inc. an advanced coal repowering program and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage network.

Coal

Coal Mercury Illinois CO2

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 22, 2014

The collapse in world oil prices in the second half of 2014 will have only a moderate impact on the fast-developing low-carbon transition in the world electricity system, according to research firm Bloomberg New Energy Finance. However, the slump in the Brent crude price per barrel from $112.36 on 30 June to $61.60

Oil Prices

Oil Prices Oil Price Carbon

Australia PM Gillard announces carbon pricing plan; transport fuels exempt, but lowered fuel tax credits to bring carbon price to some businesses

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2011

Australia Prime Minister Julia Gillard unveiled Australia’s carbon pricing plan—a core element in a new clean energy plan—in a short address to the nation. The Government intends to introduce legislation to underpin the carbon pricing mechanism into Parliament in the second half of 2011. Click to enlarge.

Tax Credit

Tax Credit Fuel Tax Carbon Australia

MIT Report Finds Natural Gas Has Significant Potential to Displace Coal, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Role in Transportation More Limited

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2010

Natural gas will play a leading role in reducing greenhouse-gas emissions over the next several decades, largely by replacing older, inefficient coal plants with highly efficient combined-cycle gas generation, according to a major new interim report out from MIT. The first two reports dealt with nuclear power (2003) and coal (2007).

MIT

MIT Coal Gas Emissions

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

million in Carbon Recycling International (CRI). Geely Auto has invested significant resources in the development and promotion of methanol-fueled engines and vehicles over a long period and has already made progress with this technology in China. Renewable methanol is also a low-carbon feedstock for production of synthetic materials.

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

Study from Thuringia shows 50% of harmful soot comes from local sources, 50% from long-distance transport

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2021

Soot particles from oil and wood heating systems as well as road traffic can pollute the air in Europe on a much larger scale than previously assumed. Carbonaceous aerosol particles predominate in the total mass of particles, consisting of a large number of chemical species and can be divided into organic aerosol (OA) and black carbon (BC).

Transportation

Transportation Germany Climate Change Climate

International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

A study by an international team of researchers, led by Drew Shindell of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) in New York City, has identified 14 measures targeting methane and black carbon (BC) emissions that could reduce projected global mean warming ~0.5°C °F) by 2050, as well as improving human health and agriculture.

Carbon

Carbon Ozone Emissions International

Black carbon is a much larger cause of climate change than previously assessed; about twice previous estimates, and 2/3 the effect of CO2

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2013

Schematic overview of the primary black-carbon emission sources and the processes that control. the distribution of black carbon in the atmosphere and determine its role in the climate system. Accounting for all of the ways black carbon can affect climate, it is believed to have a warming effect of about 1.1 Source: Bond et al.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Carbon CO2

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2011

Fast action on pollutants such as black carbon, ground-level ozone and methane may help limit near term global temperature rise and significantly increase the chances of keeping temperature rise below 2 °C (3.6 °F)—and ventilation air from coal mines. Replacing coal by coal briquettes in cooking and heating stoves.

Ozone

Ozone Carbon Climate Change Global

California ARB: GHG emissions fell below 1990 levels for first time in 2016; down 13% from 2004 peak; transportation emissions up 2%

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2018

The California Air Resources Board (CARB) announced that greenhouse gas emissions in California in 2016 fell below 1990 levels for the first time since emissions peaked in 2004—a reduction roughly equivalent to taking 12 million cars off the road or saving 6 billion gallons of gasoline a year.

2004

2004 2016 Emissions California

Federal Task Force Concludes CCS is Viable, But Carbon Price Is Critical; Sends Recommendations to President Obama on Fostering the Technology

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2010

President Obama’s Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), co-chaired by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Department of Energy (DOE), delivered a series of recommendations to the president on overcoming the barriers to the widespread, cost-effective deployment of CCS within 10 years.

Obama

Obama Carbon Price Coal

DOE to Award $2.4B in Funding for Carbon Capture, Storage and Reuse Projects

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2009

billion from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act to expand and accelerate the commercial deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and reuse technology. The Department is posting Notices of Intent to issue this funding, supporting the following initiatives: Clean Coal Power Initiative. Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage.

Carbon

Carbon Coal Mercury Arizona

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said. Click to enlarge. °C (within a likely range of 0.2-0.7

Ozone

Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. Quantifies the production of pollutant ozone (? Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential (kg Sb equivalent). water, and non-renewable energies (crude oil, coal.) Quantifies the quantity of energy (crude oil, coal.)

Li-ion

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel

Discovery of mechanism for atmospheric particle formation suggests need for ammonia emission regulations

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2022

The findings suggest that in addition to carbon dioxide, there are other compounds in need of attention and regulation. There are no factories or farms, and planes are thought to make up most of the pollutants in this area. This is important, especially in the relatively clean upper troposphere. Bertozzi, B.

Emissions

Emissions Climate Pollution Climate Change

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2013

In a state-by-state analysis, the researchers found that California suffers the worst health impacts from air pollution, with about 21,000 early deaths annually, mostly attributed to road transportation and to commercial and residential emissions from heating and cooking. 2000 (90% CI: 0–4,000) early deaths from ozone, according to the study.

MIT

MIT Emissions Ozone Power

Berkeley Lab releases 8th edition of databook on China’s energy and environment; finding the “missing” energy consumption

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2013

The China Energy Group of the US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) recently released the eighth edition of the China Energy Databook —the most comprehensive publicly available resource known to exist covering China’s energy and environmental statistics. Click to enlarge.

Environment

Environment Energy Coal United States

Duke study finds China’s synthetic natural gas plants will have heavy environmental toll; 2x vehicle GHG if used for fuel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2013

Coal-powered synthetic natural gas (SNG) plants being planned in China would produce seven times more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional natural gas plants, and use up to 100 times the water as shale gas production, according to a new study by Duke University researchers published in the journal Nature Climate Change.

Gas

Gas Mercury Climate Change Fuel

GCP Carbon Budget Finds Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Rose 2% in 2008 Despite Global Financial Crisis; Natural Sinks Not Keeping Pace With Increasing Emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Despite the economic effects of the global financial crisis (GFC), carbon dioxide emissions from human activities rose 2% in 2008 to an all-time high of 1.3 tonnes of carbon per capita per year, according to a new paper published by an international team of 31 scientists in Nature Geoscience. Global carbon budget 2008.

2008

2008 Emissions Carbon Climate Change

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

Get Electric Vehicle

FEBRUARY 27, 2024

EVS: How They Are Helping Us In developed countries like the US, transportation is the main cause of climate pollution. Air pollution from cars running on petrol and diesel contributes to early mortality, cancer, bronchitis and asthma. fine particulate matter pollution). renewable energy consumption has just overtaken coal.

Petrol

Petrol Pollution Gasoline-Electric Diesel

EPA proposes CO2 limits for future power plants; flexibilities for phasing in control technology; anticipates negligible impacts

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

Although emissions vary by plant and with the specific type of fuel, EPA provided illustrative examples of CO 2 emissions from EGUs: Conventional coal: 1,800 lbs CO 2 /MWh. Coal with carbon capture and storage (CCS): 200 lbs CO 2 /MWh. A company could build a coal?fired Natural Gas Combined Cycle: 820 lbs CO 2 /MWh.

EPA

EPA Power Powered Future

Worldwatch: Fossil fuel subsidies continue to outweigh those for renewable energy; international pledges on reform unfulfilled

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2012

Total subsidies for renewable energy stood at $66 billion in 2010 (a 10% increase from the year before); the total value of global fossil fuel subsidies is estimated at between $775 billion and more than $1 trillion in 2012, Two thirds of the renewable energy subsidies went to renewable electricity resources and the remaining third to biofuels.

Renewable

Renewable International Fuel Energy

Argonne National Laboratory to lead US consortium for new CERC medium- and heavy-duty truck technical track; 50% boost in efficiency

Green Car Congress

JULY 23, 2016

Freight hauling by trucks is a significant source of energy consumption and pollution around the world, and the fuel savings promised by the technology advances under this CERC-TRUCK program will help to combat climate change while advancing low-carbon economies.

Climate Change

Climate Change Chinese China Obama

EPA proposes rule for nationwide 30% cut in GHG from existing power plants by 2030 relative to 2005

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2014

Specifically, the EPA is proposing state-specific rate-based goals for carbon dioxide emissions from the power sector, as well as emission guidelines for states to use in developing plans to attain the state-specific goals. Cutting particle pollution, nitrogen NO x , and SO x by more than 25% as a co-benefit.

2005

2005 EPA Power Powered

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

Get Electric Vehicle

JUNE 5, 2023

Global warming due to the emission of gases (Nitrogen Dioxide, Carbon Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, etc.) from automobiles, environmental pollution, depletion of fossil fuels, etc. Kg of Carbon dioxide when it burnt. Kg of Carbon dioxide!! make alternative fuels in vehicles a necessity. 1 liter of Petrol emits 2.3

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Gasoline Fuel Gasoline-Electric

Stanford study finds current carbon capture technology inefficient & increases air pollution

US DOE, Natural Resources Canada open pilot plant to advance oxy-combustion carbon capture at coal-fired power plants

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

Conservation group opposing Thacker Pass lithium mine seeks endangered status for Kings River pyrg (snail)

CMU study finds that coal retirement is needed for EVs to reduce air pollution

Black carbon linked to increased cardiovascular risk; exacerbated by co-exposure to motor vehicle emissions

DOE awards $7M to eight oxy-combustion coal technology projects; carbon capture, utilization and storage

BNEF, Snam, IGU report finds global gas industry set to resume growth post-pandemic; low-carbon technologies for long-term growth

Researchers in China investigate use of coal as source of lithium

Electric vs. Gasoline Cars: Uncovering the Real Climate Savior

$1.1B Huineng SNG plant goes on-stream transforming coal into natural gas in China

Alaska Native Corporation Proposes Underground Coal Gasification Project with Carbon Capture for Power Generation

DOE to award up to $14M to 6 new projects to advance IGCC with carbon capture technology for coal-fired plants

Northwestern/Princeton study explores air quality impacts of aggressive conversion to EVs

Tsinghua/Argonne Study Finds That Mass Use of EVs in China Could Result in Higher CO2 and Criteria Pollutant Emissions Than Conventional and Hybrid Gasoline Vehicles Due to Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity

NASA-led study suggests coal soot shrank Alpine glaciers in mid-1800s

CSIRO study finds little to no environmental impact from fracing in Queensland

Obama Announces Steps to Boost Biofuels, Clean Coal; RFS2, BCAP, BIWG and Carbon Capture and Storage Task Force

DOE releases draft of $8B loan guarantee solicitation for advanced fossil energy projects

US Awards $1B in Recovery Act Funding to FutureGen 2.0; Advanced Coal Repowering and CO2 Storage

BNEF: Oil price plunge to have only moderate impact on low-carbon electricity development, but likely to slow EV growth

Australia PM Gillard announces carbon pricing plan; transport fuels exempt, but lowered fuel tax credits to bring carbon price to some businesses

MIT Report Finds Natural Gas Has Significant Potential to Displace Coal, Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Role in Transportation More Limited

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Study from Thuringia shows 50% of harmful soot comes from local sources, 50% from long-distance transport

International study identifies 14 key measures to reduce methane and black carbon emissions; reduction in projected global mean warming of ~0.5 °C by 2050

Black carbon is a much larger cause of climate change than previously assessed; about twice previous estimates, and 2/3 the effect of CO2

Fast action on black carbon, ozone and methane could help limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees C

California ARB: GHG emissions fell below 1990 levels for first time in 2016; down 13% from 2004 peak; transportation emissions up 2%

Federal Task Force Concludes CCS is Viable, But Carbon Price Is Critical; Sends Recommendations to President Obama on Fostering the Technology

DOE to Award $2.4B in Funding for Carbon Capture, Storage and Reuse Projects

UNEP study: small number of measures targeting black carbon and tropospheric ozone could yield immediate climate benefits

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Discovery of mechanism for atmospheric particle formation suggests need for ammonia emission regulations

MIT study says combustion emissions cause ~200,000 premature deaths/year in US; vehicles and power generation top sources

Berkeley Lab releases 8th edition of databook on China’s energy and environment; finding the “missing” energy consumption

Duke study finds China’s synthetic natural gas plants will have heavy environmental toll; 2x vehicle GHG if used for fuel

GCP Carbon Budget Finds Anthropogenic CO2 Emissions Rose 2% in 2008 Despite Global Financial Crisis; Natural Sinks Not Keeping Pace With Increasing Emissions

How EVs Are Helping Humanity & Saving Lives?

EPA proposes CO2 limits for future power plants; flexibilities for phasing in control technology; anticipates negligible impacts

Worldwatch: Fossil fuel subsidies continue to outweigh those for renewable energy; international pledges on reform unfulfilled

Argonne National Laboratory to lead US consortium for new CERC medium- and heavy-duty truck technical track; 50% boost in efficiency

EPA proposes rule for nationwide 30% cut in GHG from existing power plants by 2030 relative to 2005

List of The Best 10 Alternative Fuels for Cars that Could Replace Gasoline

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