Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2015

Although halogens released from long-lived anthropogenic substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are the principal cause of the recent depletion of stratospheric ozone, recent observations show that very short-lived substances (VSLS), with lifetimes generally under six months, are also an important source of stratospheric halogens.

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Ozone Climate Industrial Industry 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 14, 2019

The recall was announced after an investigation by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). NO x emissions in California are the most important contributor to ambient ozone and a key contributor to fine particulate matter pollution (PM 2.5 2011-2012 MY Dodge Caliber (PM FWD CVT).

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Convert Gasoline Ozone Dodge 236

Green Car Congress

JULY 13, 2011

(Japan) report in the journal Angewandte Chemie the development of a mesoporous two-line ferrihydrite (2LFh)—ferrihydrite is a widespread mineral composed of iron, oxygen, and water—that could lead to a new generation of ozone filters in electrostatic devices and aircraft applications. removal; it showed about 95 % O 3.

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Ozone Toyota Suzuki Pollution 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2015

VOCs and nitrogen oxides react with sunlight to form ground-level ozone, the main component of smog. They then compared their findings with government emissions estimates from 2011. The researchers used those to calculate emissions of various gases, including VOCs, nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. —Joost de Gouw.

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Ozone Emissions Colorado Coal 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 6, 2020

Net warming from NO x emissions is a sum over warming (short-term ozone increase) and cooling (decreases in methane and stratospheric water vapor, and a long-term decrease in ozone) terms. Using normalization to aviation fuel use, the contribution of global aviation in 2011 was calculated to be 3.5 (4.0, —Lee et al.

Climate 448

Climate Emissions CO2 Climate Change 448

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 22, 2011

Black carbon and tropospheric ozone are harmful air pollutants that also contribute to climate change. Reducing black carbon and tropospheric ozone now will slow the rate of climate change within the first half of this century, the study said.

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Ozone Climate Carbon Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2013

In its recently released Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 2011 ( earlier post ), the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that methane (CH 4 ) emissions from the field production of natural gas have declined by 36% from 2007 to 2011 (from 83.1 Tg CO 2 eq) in 2011. Tg CO 2 eq) in 2011.

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2007 2011 EPA Gas 285

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2018

When ethane and propane—the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in the atmosphere—mix with nitrogen oxides from vehicles and power plants they form tropospheric ozone—a key component of smog and directly linked to increases in mortality. —Professor Ally Lewis, a co-author of the study. —Dalsøren et al.

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Emissions Global Ozone 2011 210

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 15, 2020

They looked at multiple species of pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide, ozone, and fine particulates, from various emissions sectors, including electric power generation, road transportation, marine, rail, and aviation, and commercial and residential sources, at intervals of every hour of the year. and/or ozone. Dedoussi, I.C.,

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MIT Pollution Emissions 2005 307

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2011

The American Lung Association released its annual report on air quality, State of the Air 2011 , which includes lists of the nation’s most polluted metropolitan areas. million people—live in areas with levels of ozone and/or particle pollution that are often dangerous to breathe. When ozone is inhaled, it irritates the lungs.

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Los Angeles Ozone Long Beach Fresno 220

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2018

NO x emissions have not been decreasing as expected in recent years (2011–2015) when comparing top-down estimates from satellites and surface NO 2 measurements to the trends predicted from the US Environmental Protection Agency’s emission inventory data, according to a new study by an international team of researchers. Zhe Jiang, Brian C.

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Emissions Ozone Pollution EPA 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2019

Freight transportation is a pillar of the US national economy, but while long-haul trucks account for less than 6% of the vehicle miles traveled over US highways, they account for about 40% of the emissions of air polluting particulate matter and about 55% of nitrogen oxides, the precursor to ozone in the atmosphere, the study said.

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Emissions Diesel Ozone United States 286

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault recently made public the findings of an internal study, published first in October 2011, detailing and comparing the lifecycle assessments (LCAs) of the battery-electric and two internal combustion engined versions (gasoline and diesel) of the Renault Fluence. Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential (kg Ethene equivalent).

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Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel 364

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2019

GED was calculated for the 3 most recent NEI years: 2008, 2011, and 2014. We do not include damages from morbidity or other pollutants such as exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO x ) or ozone. Second, the analysis tracks damages by economic sector over 3 NEI years, 2008, 2011, and 2014. Tschofen et al. —Tschofen et al.

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2008 2014 Pollution Economy 223

Green Car Congress

JULY 17, 2017

In the first, they found that when fuel prices drove residents of São Paulo, Brazil, to mostly switch from ethanol to gasoline in their flexible-fuel vehicles, local ozone levels dropped 20%. Officials, Geiger said, will need to weigh the increase in ozone against the decrease in nanoparticles when ethanol is used.

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Gasoline Singapore Brazil Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2012

Methane is both a potent greenhouse gas and an important precursor to ground-level ozone. Ozone, a key component of smog and also a greenhouse gas, damages crops and human health. Tropospheric ozone and black carbon (BC) contribute to degraded air quality and global warming. Drew Shindell, Johan C.

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Carbon Ozone Emissions International 257

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2015

The study found that 60% of the winter primary hydrocarbon hydroxyl radical reactivity in London is from those diesel-related hydrocarbons; the authors predicted that the longer-chain HCs contribute up to 50 % of the ozone production potential in London. Dunmore et al. —Dunmore et al. Dunmore, R. Hopkins, J. Lidster, R. Rickard, A.

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London Pollution Diesel Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2011

Reports like this one help us to prepare for increasing demands on Arctic resources so that better decisions can be made about how to manage and protect these more valuable and increasingly available resources. Sea ice: Minimum Arctic sea ice area in September 2011 was the second lowest recorded by satellite since 1979.

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Tundra Ozone 2011 2006 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 11, 2016

In “Estimated Excess Morbidity and Mortality Caused by Air Pollution above ATS Recommended Standards, 2011-2013,” published online in the August edition of Annals of the American Thoracic Society , researchers report on the annual health benefits of meeting more protective standards recommended by the ATS for O 3 and PM 2.5. Cromar, Laura A.

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Pollution Standards Ozone EPA 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2011

On a per-storage basis, the team found that the NiMH technology was found to have the highest environmental impact, followed by NCM and then LFP, for all categories considered except ozone depletion potential. They also found higher life cycle global warming emissions than have been previously reported. —Majeau-Bettez et al.

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Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH PHEV Li-ion 334

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines. SO 2 and NO x react in the atmosphere to form fine particle pollution and ground-level ozone (smog), which are linked to widespread illnesses and premature deaths. NO x emissions would drop by 52%.

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Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2014

In their paper, published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , they make a number of recommendations to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative impacts of the natural gas resource. Between 2000 and 2011, the number of producing gas wells in the US increased by 50%, reaching 514,637. Moore et al. Branosky, E.;

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Gas Oil-Sands Emissions Oil 218

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NO x and SO x emissions from ship exhaust, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances. If container vessel diversion is included, low-growth scenario emissions would increase by 200 to 300 percent above 2011 levels, assuming continued use of heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine diesel oil (MDO).

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Pollution Emissions Mariner Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 8, 2011

It is also a precursor to the formation of ground-level ozone and particulate matter, and as a cause of acid rain. Marshall (2011) Effects of Income and Urban Form on Urban NO 2 : Global Evidence from Satellites. NO 2 is linked to numerous adverse health effects including lung cancer, cardiopulmonary mortality, and type 2 diabetes.

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Pollution Ozone Minnesota Global 225

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3 Shindell et al.’s

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Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is soliciting research suggestions for the Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Annual Research Plan in the form of brief conceptual descriptions that address specified research gaps and support the Board’s ongoing regulatory and policy priorities. The deadline to submit research concepts is 31 January 2012.

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Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2016

In a bid to clarify this, the researchers tracked the health outcomes up until the end of 2011 of more than 352,000 people newly diagnosed with lung cancer between 1988 and 2009, and whose details had been entered into the US California Cancer Registry. Their average age at diagnosis was 69. —Jaime Hart.

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Pollution 2016 Ozone California 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2014

In 2011, 231 counties in the US exceeded the EPA’s regulatory standards for ozone, the main component of smog. The MIT group paid especially close attention to how changes in emissions caused by policy translate into improvements in local and regional air quality, using comprehensive models of both the economy and the atmosphere.

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MIT Carbon Climate Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2014

The California Air Resources Board released the draft proposed first update to the AB 32 Scoping Plan, which guides development and implementation of California’s greenhouse gas emission reduction programs. The Air Resources Board is required to update the Scoping Plan every five years. Transportation.

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Transportation Emissions California Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2011

Houston, with a mix of petrochemical facilities, sprawling suburbs, and traffic jams that stretch for miles, has some of the highest levels of ground-level ozone and other air pollutants in the United States. The article is in press in the Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres , a publication of the American Geophysical Union.

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Houston Wind Pollution 2000 247

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2011

These results were compared with observations of ozone, CO, formaldehyde, BC, and PM 10 from a few well observed urban areas, and in most of the cases, the output distributions were found to be within ranges of the observations. Prinn (2011) Development of a fast, urban chemistry metamodel for inclusion in global models. Cohen, J.B.,

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MIT Pollution Climate South Korea 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

reported in their paper on a policy workshop convened in 2011 on the relevance of traffic-related wear emissions for air quality policy development, with the focus on non-exhaust PM emissions. earlier post ). Background. The pan-European team of van der Gon et al. The composition therefore differs depending on the rock material used.

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Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

California’s and, potentially, EPA’s move toward further heavy-duty NO x reductions to meet National Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone will be critical. The DOE should continue to explore how the United States might use its abundant petroleum, natural gas, and biofuel resources in the most efficient manner.

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MPG Miles 2009 Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2011

In the months following a pulse of NO x in the upper atmosphere, ozone production is stimulated causing a short-term warming. The corresponding reduction in CH 4 , which is an important ozone precursor, leads to a long-term reduction in ozone. —Stratton et al. Stratton, Philip J. Wolfe, and James I.

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MIT Climate Emissions Ozone 273

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2013

R134a replaced CFC-12 as the MAC refrigerant in the early 1990s due to the negative impact of CFCs on the Earth’s ozone layer. —Minjares, ICCT Working paper.

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Future CO2 Climate 2009 311