Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2012

NO x emissions results of biodiesel, renewable, and GTL diesel fuel blends, and CARB diesel fuel for 2006 Cummins ISM. They also found that increasing renewable diesel (Neste Oil’s NExBTL) and gas-to-liquids (GTL) diesel blends showed NO x reductions with rising blend level. Credit: ACS, Hajbabaei et al. Earlier post.).

Diesel 290

Diesel Renewable 2006 Emissions 290

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 29, 2012

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE)’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has published a report on an 18-month evaluation of in-service second-generation diesel-electric hybrid delivery vans and found significant fuel economy benefits of the hybrids compared to similar conventional vans. —“Eighteen-Month Final Evaluation.

Fuel Economy 350

Fuel Economy Economy Hybrid Diesel 350

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2016

A Navy ship has, for the first time, operated on a 100% drop-in renewable diesel fuel. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Port Hueneme Division’s (NSWC PHD) Self Defense Test Ship (SDTS) completed final-phase testing of a 100% drop-in renewable diesel fuel as part of the Navy’s MILSPEC qualification program. Earlier post.). The ex- Paul F.

Renewable 150

Renewable Diesel San Diego Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The particle number count under those conditions increased by more than an order of magnitude in comparison to DPF-out particle concentrations. Current 2010 USEPA emissions standards for NO x and PM are set at 0.20 Diesel engines for use in the US are certified on the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) cycle. Click to enlarge.

Exhaust 218

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007 218

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 7, 2011

Cummins is one year into a four year program (ATLAS, Advanced Technology Light Automotive Systems) to develop, in partnership with the US Department of Energy (DOE), a new light-duty diesel truck engine that will meet Tier 2 Bin 2 (SULEV) emission requirements while achieving at least a 40% fuel economy improvement (26.1 mpg US vs. 18.6

Light 199

Light Diesel MPG Nissan 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

A scatter plot of CO, as a tracer for pollution, versus CO 2 , as a tracer for the amount of combustion, for 2002 and 2010. Even though the CO 2 enhancements over background were comparable in the two years, about 25 ppm in 2002 and 35 ppm in 2010, the ?CO/?CO2 CO2 ratio for this flight track segment decreased from 24.5

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

JUNE 19, 2015

liter 1GD-FTV direct-injection turbo diesel engine. The new GD engines feature Toyota’s next-generation advanced thermal insulation diesel combustion to reduce cooling loss significantly. Toyota will gradually phase out the current globally deployed KD diesel engines and replace them with GD engines. Click to enlarge.

Diesel 150

Diesel Toyota Fuel Engine 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 31, 2009

Year-on-year quarterly gasoline consumption comparison. Diesel consumption in California declined 10.6% in the third quarter of 2009 when Californians used a total of just over 654 million gallons of diesel compared to the third quarter of 2008 total of 732 million gallons. California diesel prices were $2.84 Source: BOE.

Gasoline 170

Gasoline California Diesel 2008 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2017

In comparison with a conventional diesel truck, it offers savings up to €1,000 (US$1,181) per 10,000 kilometers (6,214 miles) on operating costs. The Portuguese government has been continuously supporting the development of the eCanter since the early stages in 2010 until today, and for the future to come.

Fleet 247

Fleet Commercial New York City New York 247

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. By contrast, diesel cars with particle filters exceeded the limit only 45-fold.

Engine 271

Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel 271

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

Barnitt (2010) Click to enlarge. Fuel economy was similar between the gHEVs and diesel vehicles, except for the highest kinetic intensity drive cycle where the hybrid exhibited ~20% higher fuel economy. NREL used six similar trucks for the evaluation project: three Azure Dynamics Balance hybrids, and three diesels (Freightliner MT-45).

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 20, 2011

advantage over competing buses in fluid economy—a measurement of diesel fuel plus liquid urea consumed by the vehicle’s emissions reduction system. Comparisons of type C buses have typically been centered on fuel economy. to conduct a head-to-head fluid economy comparison. —John McKinney, president, IC Bus.

Economy 199

Economy Fuel 2010 Fuel Economy 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

Lifecycle GHG emissions of renewable gasoline from the IH 2 process (GTI RG) compared to petroleum gasoline and diesel. for GTI’s Integrated Hydropyrolysis and Hydroconversion (IH 2 ) technology, which converts biomass directly into cellulosic gasoline and diesel hydrocarbon blendstocks. Property comparison. Source: GTI.

Diesel 199

Diesel Production Gasoline Renewable 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 14, 2010

Eligible projects will include dynamic testing of locomotives, rolling stock and other rail equipment, with various biofuel blends as fuel; or bio-based lubricants being utilized in the appropriate equipment components to verify the effectiveness of the fuel or lubricant, in comparison to their equivalent petroleum-based products.

Grant 210

Grant Diesel Fuel 2008 210

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.

Wisconsin 225

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal 225

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2013

Summary of comparison of NO x emissions and fuel consumption of hybrid (D7E) and conventional (D6) dozers. The report was prepared for the California Air Resources Board (ARB) as part of the FY 2010-11 Air Quality Improvement Project Hybrid Off-Road Equipment Pilot Project. —Kent Johnson.

Emissions 231

Emissions Hybrid Fuel Diesel 231

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Battery electric cars emit less greenhouse gases and air pollutants over their entire life cycle than petrol and diesel cars, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) report. This was the first time the average emissions increased since the monitoring started in 2010. g CO 2 /km) since 2012. of all new registrations in the EU.

Climate 268

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017 268

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2017

Official emissions have decreased by a total of more than 22 g CO 2 /km (-16%) since 2010, when an updated monitoring system started under the current EU legislation. While the overall share of diesel vehicle sales fell, absolute sales still increased by more than 192,300 vehicles compared to 2016, according to provisional data.

2016 170

2016 Czech Republic Fuel Europe 170

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2015

OME1 is made from methanol on a commercial scale and has a cetane number of 38; it can be mixed with additives to produce OME1a diesel fuel (CN 48).). The comparative figure for diesel is 113 g/km CO 2.). DME burns in the diesel engine without producing soot and offers the basis for extensive NO x reduction inside the engine.

Ford 150

Ford Fuel Power Powered 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 21, 2015

The LH gasoline hydraulic hybrid shows an extreme reduction in NO x compared to a diesel baseline. Broadly, the test results show significant reductions in NO x , particularly against a non-hybrid diesel baseline, and fuel economy improvements of up to 18% for the vehicle and under the drive cycles tested. Source: Lightning Hybrids.

Hybrid 150

Hybrid Emissions Light Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 28, 2017

The Portuguese government has been supporting the development of the eCanter since the early stages in 2010. In comparison with a conventional diesel truck, it offers savings up to €1,000 per 10,000 kilometers on operating costs. Click to enlarge. Fuso has a long history in alternative drivetrains for trucks.

All-Electric 150

All-Electric Europe Light Portugal 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 10, 2015

As demonstrated through more than 6,000 hours of dynamometer testing, the Achates Power engine addresses proposed efficiency targets by providing a 20 to 30 percent in fuel economy over current advanced diesel engines. The Achates Engine is EPA 2010 and Euro VI compliant. Earlier post.).

EPA 150

EPA Standards Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2009

Despite the current economic slowdown and government energy saving efforts, oil demand in the second-biggest oil consuming country will grow to 410 million-420 million tonnes in 2010 from around 380 million tonnes in 2008, said Mao Jiaxiang, vice president of Sinopec’s institute for economic and technology research.

2015 170

2015 Oil 2008 2010 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2012

Mha (20%) of the peatlands of Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo in 2010, surpassing the area of Belgium and causing an annual carbon emission from peat decomposition of 230–310 Mt CO 2 e. 2012), Extent of industrial plantations on Southeast Asian peatlands in 2010 with analysis of historical expansion and future projections.

Oil-Sands 314

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Climate 314

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

Comparison of relative contributions from various sources to total BC emissions between China and other countries/regions including India, North America, and Africa. Comparison of fuel consumptions in China between the statistics from CESY (sums of the provincial data) and those from IEA (national data) for a period from 1980 to 2007.

2007 271

2007 Carbon China Emissions 271

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2011

Virent’s BioForming platform can produce drop-in gasoline, diesel or jet fuels from plant sugars. Virent’s biogasoline was found to cause “no harm” to vehicles in comparison to Shell’s baseline fuel. Virent’s biogasoline was found to cause “no harm” to vehicles in comparison to Shell’s baseline fuel. Source: Virent.

Fleet 343

Fleet Auto Gasoline Wisconsin 343

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2010

The next generation of Ford’s EcoBoost turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines will introduce cooled EGR (exhaust gas recirculation), enabling higher compression ratios, according to Ford executives speaking at the SAE 2010 World Congress in Detroit. SAE 2010-01-0353. SAE 2010-01-0585. SAE 2010-01-0353 ).

Ford 210

Ford Congress 2010 Gasoline 210

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2015

During the period from 2010 to 2015, JRC—involved in the process from the beginning—tested the various versions of the new test cycle and test procedure on a number of vehicles that were also tested under NEDC conditions. Moving from NEDC to WLTP did not have much impact on NO x from gasoline vehicles and CO from diesel vehicles.

Emissions 150

Emissions Vehicles Diesel Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2014

The Ford team updated the SMP model with historical data for 2000, 2005, and 2010, and extended the model to calculate the total CO 2 emissions (tonnes) and the TTW (tank-to-wheel) emission rate (g CO 2 /km) for the new vehicle fleet. To achieve 450 ppm, WTW LDV CO 2 emissions decrease 25% from 2000 and 34% between 2010 and 2050.

Light 261

Light Global CO2 Ford 261

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 8, 2011

The White Paper was published by the US Coalition for Advanced Diesel Cars, a national organization focused on promoting technology neutral policies and the energy efficiency and environmental benefits of advanced clean diesel technology. Diesel/hybrid US take-rates, June 2010-June 2011. Data: Polk. Click to enlarge.

Standards 247

Standards Transportation Fuel Economy MPG 247

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2017

The American Lung Association oversees the Clean Air Choice program throughout the United States promoting alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel and E85, partnering with fleets to replace legacy diesel engines, and by supporting the clean-air advantages of electric and hybrid vehicles.

Chicago 150

Chicago Clean Cleaning 2017 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2009

Additionally, suggested one of the speakers, advanced SIDI (spark-ignited, direct-injection) engines can take light-duty market share back from diesels in Europe based on the same trends. Comparison of Emission Standards (g/mi). . California’s current LEV II emission standards run through 2010. SULEV/Tier 2 Bin 2 is the target.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Diesel Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2016

Driving the sales increase is a forecast significant reduction in battery prices—the result being that during the 2020s EVs will become a more economic option than gasoline or diesel cars in most countries. Lithium-ion battery costs have already dropped by 65% since 2010, reaching $350 per kWh last year. —Salim Morsy.

Cost Of 150

Cost Of Sale Global Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2011

g CO 2 e/MJ highlighted in red for comparison. While carbon intensity (CI) standards are not applicable in 2010 (the first year of the regulation), compliance with the reporting and record keeping requirements is required for all years, including 2010. g CO 2 e/MJ; for diesel fuel, it is 94.71 Gasoline baseline of 95.86

Carbon 218

Carbon California 2010 Gasoline 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2009

UPS van fuel economy comparison. UPS’ first-generation diesel hybrid delivery vans improved the on-road fuel economy by 28.9% Both the Freightliner hybrid model and the conventional model use a Mercedes-Benz MBE 904 four-cylinder diesel engine. greater than the diesel van group’s 10.2 Source: Lammert 2009.

Fuel Economy 210

Fuel Economy Economy Eaton Hybrid 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 14, 2012

By comparison, 66% of those polled have owned a gasoline engine vehicle and 38% have owned a diesel engine vehicle. interactIVe (Accident Avoidance by Active Intervention of Intelligent Vehicles)—a consortium of 29 partners led by Ford and supported by the European Commission that began in 2010. Future mobility solutions.

Environment 319

Environment Cost Of Ford Cars 319

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2011

The analysis of Gartner’s latest EV readiness study conducted in Germany in the first and second quarter of 2011 showed that the majority of German consumers prefer a gasoline-powered vehicle for their next vehicle purchase, followed by hybrid technology which saw consumer interest increasing compared to 2010.

Germany 225

Germany Market Purchase 2010 225