Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America 199

North America Ozone Asia America 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2022

The Clean Air Act (CAA) requires the use of low-volatility gasoline during the summer months in order to limit the formation of ozone pollution. Volatility is the property of a liquid fuel that defines its evaporation characteristics.) Reid vapor pressure (RVP) is a common measure of and generic term for gasoline volatility. EPA provides a 1.0

EPA 170

EPA Fuel Ozone Sale 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2018

and ozone at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and high risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). suggesting long-term exposure to PM 2.5 , as well as ozone above the current US EPA standards, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Exposures to concentrations of PM 2.5

Pollution 318

Pollution Ozone Mexico Montana 318

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2009

A) shows the base case peak concentrations for O 3 (ozone), ClNO and HCl in parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). (B) Under extreme circumstances, this previously unknown chemistry could account for up to 40 parts per billion (ppb) of ozone; the current US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 8-hour average standard is 75 ppb.

Ozone 150

Ozone Pollution 2009 Coal 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2020

The US Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Targeted Air Shed Grant Program focuses on the regions that have the highest ozone and particulate matter (PM) pollution, including California’s South Coast Air Basin.

Volvo 186

Volvo EPA Los Angeles Grant 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 14, 2021

This category of emissions is the largest source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by automobiles, which are a main source of haze, ozone, and particulate matter. The LEV III regulations include increasingly stringent emission standards for pollutants for new passenger vehicles to be phased in through the 2025 model year.

Eaton 221

Eaton Emissions Gasoline-Electric Production 221

Cars That Think

SEPTEMBER 22, 2021

Ionization can itself create ozone. The state of California has banned such ozone generators entirely. LG led its presentation with personal air purifiers instead of televisions. an activated carbon filter can remove volatile organic compounds and ozone from the air. In fact, ionization can itself create ozone.

Ozone 80

Ozone Pollution Portland Neighborhood 80

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

The decrease in CO 2 equivalent emissions of ODSs (ozone-depleting substances: CFCs, halons, HCFCs, and others) may be offset by the projected increase in their non-ozone depleting substitutes (HFCs) (lines designated as HFC scenarios). Climate and the Ozone Layer. Source: UNEP. Click to enlarge.

Climate 287

Climate Ozone Emissions Transportation 287

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

The First Update will be presented to the Board on 22 May 2014 for consideration for approval. Deployment of fuel efficient vehicle tires for in-use vehicles could include limited incentives, followed by ratings and then standard setting to permanently shift the market. The draft version was released in February. Earlier post.).

Climate Change 218

Climate Change Climate California Ozone 218

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

NO x is a precursor for both ground level ozone and secondary PM 2.5 which are regulated under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) because of their adverse effects on human health and the environment. —“Technology Feasibility for Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks in Achieving 90% Lower NO x Standards in 2027”.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2018

The results, published in an open-access paper in the journal Science , suggest that the focus of efforts to mitigate ozone formation and toxic chemical burdens need to be adjusted, the authors suggested. Recent research suggests that adverse human health effects occur below current US standards for both PM 2.5 McDonald et al.

Pollution 264

Pollution Transportation Production Los Angeles 264

Green Car Congress

JULY 6, 2010

The proposed Transport Rule sets in place a new approach that can and will be applied again as further pollution reductions are needed to help areas meet air quality health standards, EPA says. This proposal reduces emissions contributing to fine particle (PM 2.5 ) and ozone nonattainment that often travel across state lines.

Pollution 218

Pollution EPA Transportation DC 218

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 28, 2014

Compared to the 2010 “Business as Usual” scenario—which includes all adopted emission control measures for the South Coast—NO x levels must be reduced by 65% and by 75% to meet the 2023 and 2032 ozone standards, respectively. California’s Climate Protection Strategies do not help meet NAAQS Standards.

Climate 257

Climate Gas Emissions California 257

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2014

Selin and colleagues compared the health benefits to the economic costs of three climate policies: a clean-energy standard, a transportation policy, and a cap-and-trade program. In 2011, 231 counties in the US exceeded the EPA’s regulatory standards for ozone, the main component of smog.

MIT 231

MIT Carbon Climate Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2010

The process was presented during the 90 th Springtime Annual Meeting of The Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), 26-29 March, 2010. Unlike other ethers, DME does not form peroxides, is non-toxic, has no effect on global warming nor ozone depletion and can be considered an environmentally friendly solvent. MPa in this study.

Japan 199

Japan Oil Ozone Coal 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

In these detailed bottom-up models, mobile source emissions are treated for different engine sizes and fuels, that, in the past, relied on standardized protocols obtained in test facilities, but were recently updated based on a number of RDE tests. —Karl et al.

Europe 150

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2017

Results from CHIE studies are used to inform the periodic review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for common pollutants, such as ozone and particulate matter (PM), and advise other policy decisions. The NAAQS process has broad health importance because it regulates the outdoor air concentrations of those pollutants.

Pollution 150

Pollution Ozone EPA San Francisco 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2014

Cryptic ‘self’ tight junction antigens can trigger an autoimmune response potentially contributing to the neuroinflammatory and Alzheimer and Parkinson’s pathology hallmarks present in megacity children. In the US, 200 million people live in areas where pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter exceed the standards.

Pollution 275

Pollution Mexico Los Angeles New York City 275

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2015

Air pollution is a serious public health issue, and exposures to concentrations of air pollutants at or above the current standards have been linked to neuroinflammation and neuropathology. In the US, 200 million people live in areas where pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter exceed the standards.

Pollution 150

Pollution Mexico Montana Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 28, 2010

These connections arise because in many cases the agents of concern are the same, and in many cases the sources of the agents are the same or intimately connected.For example, surface ozone is both an air pollutant and a greenhouse gas. The complex roles that ozone and aerosols play in the atmosphere provide examples of such trade-offs.

Climate Change 210

Climate Change Climate Pollution California 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2016

Air pollution impairs the function of blood vessels in the lungs, according to a study of more than 16,000 patients presented at EuroEcho-Imaging 2016. The individual study examined the effect of air pollution on pulmonary circulation in ten healthy male volunteers exposed to pollutants in a chamber with standardized conditions.

Pollution 150

Pollution 2016 Exhaust Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2014

m can be as much as 70% less than in a car without the filter, according to a standardized component test. Ground-level ozone. The levels do not present a danger but on hot days, concentrations that irritate hypersensitive people may occur. Hydrocarbons. Gases and unpleasant odors.

Volvo 236

Volvo Emissions Ozone Environment 236

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 9, 2020

Exposure to higher ozone concentrations in the air is significantly associated with a higher risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), according to preliminary research to be presented at the American Heart Association’s Resuscitation Science Symposium 2020. These findings may have important public health implications.

Ozone 186

Ozone Pollution Missouri 2020 186

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2011

The cap-and-trade joins a suite of other major climate program measures including standards for ultra-clean cars (Advanced Clean Cars, earlier post ), low-carbon fuels (Low Carbon Fuel Standard, earlier post ) and renewable electricity. the destruction of existing stores of ozone-depleting substances in the U.S. Earlier post.)

2012 218

2012 California Climate Change Climate 218

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 17, 2010

The cap-and-trade program also works in concert with other measures, such as standards for cleaner vehicles, low-carbon fuels, renewable electricity and energy efficiency, and complements and supports California’s existing efforts to reduce smog-forming and toxic air pollutants. ARB Staff presentation on Cap-and-Trade Program.

California 218

California Climate Climate Change Gas-Electric 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

Source: Staff presentation. Union Pacific operates in 23 states west of Chicago, while BNSF Railway is present in 28. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog. ARB Staff Presentation. Additional diesel PM reductions in 18 major CA railyards with five new locomotive measures.

Diesel 170

Diesel Emissions California 2007 170

Green Car Congress

JULY 7, 2017

The largest systematic study ever conducted of human volunteers exposed to ozone air pollution has found no evidence of effects on the heart in its healthy, older participants, but did find effects on the volunteers’ ability to breathe, even at low ambient levels. Possible pathways by which ozone may cause adverse health effects.

Ozone 150

Ozone San Francisco North Carolina Pollution 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2013

Ozone reduction in highly polluted urban areas generally requires reduction of the emissions of both NO x and organic compounds, the Ford team noted. Second, the minimum in NO x and NMOG emissions for midlevel ethanol blends for the FFV tested in the present work points to future opportunities for emission reductions from FFVs.

Emissions 294

Emissions Ford Exhaust Engine 294

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2011

A polynomial chaos expansion and the probabilistic collocation method have been used to develop the metamodel, and its coefficients, so that it is applicable under a broad range of present-day and future conditions. —Jason Cohen. Cohen, J.B., Prinn (2011) Development of a fast, urban chemistry metamodel for inclusion in global models.

MIT 199

MIT Pollution Climate South Korea 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

During the early 1900s, a distillery was a standard piece of farm equipment. 80.28, “applicable standard” means: 9.0 80.27, “high ozone season” means the period from June 1 to September 15 of any calendar year and “regulatory control period” means the period from May 1 to September 15 of any calendar year. 40 CFR § 80.27

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

JULY 24, 2020

The program will demonstrate that a suite of commercially available, EPA-rail-certified engines present a near-term, low-risk solution to create an affordable RNG hybrid line-haul locomotive with near zero emissions while simultaneously improving fuel cost by 50%. g/bhp-hr of NOx, a reduction of 400 times.

Grant 243

Grant Hybrid Ozone EPA 243

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

As a result of local concerns, certifying body SCS published a thorough discussion of the use of Imazapyr and found that MRC retained adequate levels of tanoak in areas treated with the chemical and that, for the most part, MRC’s use of the chemical did not present a non-conformance with relevant FSC indicators. Click to enlarge.

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

In this study, we present a comprehensive database of emissions from a fleet of GDI- and PFI-equipped light-duty gasoline vehicles tested on a chassis dynamometer over the cold-start unified cycle (UC). We use the data to quantify the effects of engine technology, emission standards, and cold-start on emissions. —Saliba et al.

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy 207

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2009

However, there are some serious questions over adverse effects, particularly depletion of stratospheric ozone. At present the techniques remain prohibitively expensive, complex and would be slow to implement.

Climate Change 186

Climate Change Climate Price International 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 29, 2016

Ethane reacts with sunlight and other molecules in the atmosphere to form ozone, which at the surface can cause respiratory problems, eye irritation and other ailments and damage crops. A snapshot from a simulation of how Bakken oil field hydrocarbon emissions including ethane affect North American ground-level ozone concentrations.

Global 150

Global Ozone Emissions North Dakota 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

The utility of guidelines for sustainable biofuel production and certification programs may be reduced if they are based only on product life-cycle and farming standards, as these cannot address the difficult issue of indirect land use resulting from growing demand. No study in the review presents results in terms of biodiversity.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 30, 2013

Generic process flow diagram for lithium-ion batteries for vehicles (color coded to present LCI data sources). However, with ozone depletion and occupational cancer hazard, lower impacts are observed under the IL smart charging scenario, due to lower emissions of halogenated compounds and formaldehyde, respectively. Click to enlarge.

Li-ion 210

Li-ion PHEV Batteries Battery 210