Exhaust, Presentations, Resource and Universal

Study links deterioration of concrete and asphalt to trace quantities of organic matter; diesel exhaust, windshield washer fluids

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2021

A team of scientists from six institutions, including Akihiro Moriyoshi, Emeritus Professor Hokkaido University, have found that the presence of Trace Quantities of Organic Matter (TQOM) in modern concrete structures and asphalt pavements drive the deterioration of these structures. Akihiro Moriyoshi, et al. 0249761 ?.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Water Maintenance

Researchers developing free-piston linear generator for exhaust waste heat recovery

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2017

Researchers in China have developed a novel free-piston linear generator (FPLG) to recover exhaust waste heat efficiently from a vehicle engine. Beijing University of Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, and Datong North Tianli Turbocharging Technology Co., —Tian et al. Prototype FPLG.

Exhaust

Exhaust Waste Conversion Engine

Researchers capture first images of CO2 emissions from commercial aircraft engine using chemical species tomography

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2022

Researchers have used a novel near-infrared light imaging technique to capture the first cross-sectional images of carbon dioxide in the exhaust plume of a commercial jet engine. Image Credit: Gordon Humphries, University of Strathclyde. Image Credit: Abhishek Upadhyay, University of Strathclyde. —Michael Lengden.

Commercial

Commercial Engine Emissions CO2

Study finds “markedly” high levels of diesel exhaust present in commuter trains powered by locomotives in pull-mode

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 9, 2017

Diesel-powered commuter trains may expose their passengers to elevated levels of certain black carbon and ultrafine particles, especially in the coach directly behind the locomotive, according to a new study from researchers at the University of Toronto. A paper on the study is published in the journal Atmospheric Environment.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Power Powered

Study identifies combustion-derived nanoparticles in diesel exhaust as the predominant mediator for adverse cardiovascular events

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2011

A European study lead by scientists at the University of Edinburgh (UK) has found that the combustion-derived ultrafine particles from diesel fuel are the predominant mediators of the adverse effects—harming blood vessels and increasing the chances of blood clots forming in arteries, leading to a heart attack or stroke.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel Pollution Emissions

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2022

CAT-DEF—Catalyzed Diesel Exhaust Fluid—is an SwRI-developed catalyst- and surfactant-modified diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) solution. The internally funded advancement successfully reduced heavy-duty diesel engine nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions to meet the California Air Resources Board (CARB) 2027 standards.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Engine

Rice University study of lung cells suggests anthropogenic carbon nanotubes are common pollutants

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 21, 2015

Rice University scientists, working with colleagues in France, have detected the presence of anthropogenic carbon nanotubes (CBTs) in cells extracted from the airways of Parisian children under routine treatment for asthma. Carbon nanotubes and carbon nanoparticles (a) in vehicle exhaust and (b) inside a lung cell vacuole.

Universal

Universal Carbon Pollution El Paso

Study finds reduction of low-frequency noise from transition to electric buses improved residents’ health

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2022

Accompanying the lower noise levels from bus traffic was a reduction of fatigue, day time sleepiness and low mood, a study at the University of Gothenburg shows. Previous noise-level measurements had indicated that disturbance from low-frequency noise in indoor environments was present in the residential area.

Electric

Electric Electrical 2019 Environment

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 15, 2012

The transient results illustrate the gradual formation of the nucleation mode particles with continuous increase in exhaust temperatures. Diesel particulate filters (DPF) and urea-based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) exhaust after-treatment systems thus have emerged as feasible strategies to meet the 2010 USEPA regulations.

Exhaust

Exhaust Diesel West Virginia 2007

Effect of syngas composition on combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a dual-fuel engine operated in PREMIER combustion mode

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 1, 2011

Researchers at Okayama University (Japan) found that conventional combustion in a pilot-ignited, supercharged duel-fuel engine powered with different types of syngas at various equivalence ratios can be transformed into combustion with two-stage heat release. International Journal of Engine Research in press.

Exhaust

Exhaust Emissions Engine Fuel

CPT presenting two papers at SAE World Congress on SpeedStart and TIGERS for 48V mild hybrid systems

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 18, 2014

For the ADEPT project, the consortium comprises CPT, the European Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium (EALABC), Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Ford and the University of Nottingham. The exhaust gas can reach temperatures greater than 900 °C, whereas the turbine upper functional limit is 850 °C. —Nick Pascoe.

Congress

Congress Hybrid Exhaust Gas-Electric

Study shows renewable diesel from crude tall oil is a high quality drop-in fuel for off-road engines

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 20, 2016

A team from the University of Vaasa (Finland) and UPM-Kymmene Corporation has examined how the blends of fossil and renewable diesel produced from crude tall oil (CTO) affect the performance and exhaust emissions of the modern common-rail off-road diesel engine. As the baseline fossil fuel, regular low-sulfur Finnish DF was used.

Renewable

Renewable Diesel Oil Engine

UC Riverside team examines influence of mid-and high-level ethanol blends on pollution from GDI flex fuel vehicle

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 2, 2019

Data presented as mean ± standard deviation, N=3. Overall, this study provides valuable insights on the impacts of ethanol content and gasoline composition on the exhaust emissions from a current technology GDI FFV. Their paper is published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. Yang et al. —Yang et al. Durbin, Kent C.

Pollution

Pollution Fuel Vehicles Emissions

Simulation study suggests ORC waste heat recovery system could deliver potential 7% improvement in fuel consumption in a PHEV on highway

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2012

Their paper was presented at the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2012 Fall Technical Conference by Marcello Canova, assistant professor at OSU; lead author was Philipp Skarke, from the University of Stuttgart Institute for Internal Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering. Exhaust gas exergy map of EcoCAR engine.

Waste

Waste PHEV Fuel Exhaust

Limitations on diesel-ignited propane duel fuel combustion in heavy-duty diesel engine

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2014

A team at Mississippi State University performed a detailed experimental analysis of diesel–ignited propane dual fuel combustion on a 12.9-liter, Exhaust particle number concentrations decreased with increasing PES at low loads but showed the opposite trends at higher loads. liter, six-cylinder, production heavy-duty diesel engine.

Diesel

Diesel Engine Chad Fuel

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust.

Coal

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel

Study measures the effect of regional change in clouds caused by ships’ emissions; masking GHG warming

Green Car Congress

MARCH 25, 2020

This puffy line is not just exhaust from the engine, but a change in the clouds that’s caused by small airborne particles of pollution. New research led by the University of Washington (UW) is the first to measure this phenomenon’s effect over years and at a regional scale. Michael Diamond/University of Washington. Diamond, M.

Emissions

Emissions Pollution 2003 Climate

U Delaware team develops prototype efficient direct ammonia fuel cell for transportation

Green Car Congress

JULY 31, 2019

A team at the University of Delaware has demonstrated a direct ammonia fuel cell (DAFC) prototype with a peak power density of 135 mW cm -2 at 80 ?C. The present work provides that unified analysis, finding that ammonia delivers the lowest source-to-tank cost among carbon-neutral fuels produced from renewable electricity. Zhao et al.

Delaware

Delaware Transportation Fuel Hydrogen

EU investing >€3M in research into ultra-efficient aero engines; ULTIMATE project

Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2016

The project is being presented in a paper (Grönstedt et al. ) Core exhaust loss. The “Core exhaust” loss is primarily due to thermal energy lost to the surroundings, although some excess kinetic energy and fluid friction associated pressure losses contribute as well. Bypass flow loss.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Concept France

Team finds high concentrations of combustion- and friction-derived magnetic air pollution nanoparticles in human hearts in Mexico City

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2019

These magnetic nanospheres are abundant in urban airborne PM, and are released from a wide range of PM sources, including transport (road exhaust and brake-wear, rail and metro), metal processing and power generation plants. annual air quality standard of 12 ? —Calderón-Garcidueñas et al.

Pollution

Pollution Mexico Standards Exhaust

New study finds that ship emissions from HFO and diesel adversely affect pulmonary macrophages

Green Car Congress

JULY 20, 2016

In addition, the cells destroy tumor cells, remove cell debris, present antigens and promote wound healing. Since macrophages also play a key role in lung diseases such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), the new study is important for understanding the health risks of ship exhausts.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Exhaust Oil

Review of research suggests inconclusive support for fuel consumption benefits of catalyzed EGR

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2015

Conflicting evidence does not support making a firm conclusion on the fuel consumption benefit of catalysed Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR), according to a review of current studies by a team at the University of Bath (UK). Whether this increased knock limit is offset by other losses within the system is as yet unclear.

Fuel

Fuel Exhaust Gas Engine

Argonne VERIFI researchers applying GSA to investigate combustion engine parameters; seeking cleaner and more efficient engines

Green Car Congress

JULY 18, 2014

By gaining a better understanding of how these parameter uncertainties affect outcomes, the VERIFI researchers, along with colleagues at the University of Connecticut, are seeking to create cleaner and more efficient engines. There are lots of unknowns that are involved. —Sibendu Som.

Cleaner

Cleaner Engine Connecticut Diesel

Researchers identify new nitrated PAH compounds from combustion that are hundreds of times more mutagenic than parent PAHs

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2014

A team led by researchers at Oregon State University has discovered novel nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (NPAH) compounds produced by combustion sources or formed in the atmosphere that are hundreds of times more mutagenic than their parent PAHs, which are known carcinogens. Staci Simonich. Carter, Tian-Wei Yu, Roderick H.

Pollution

Pollution Oregon Los Angeles Universal

U Toronto study measures GDI emissions in urban near-road environment

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

In four campaigns over the year-long study, the team from the University of Toronto measured emissions 15 meters from the roadway, then converted the measurements to fuel-based emission factors (EFs). Hence, GDI PM mass loadings and chemical composition may vary depending on the measurement environment or exhaust conditioning.

Environment

Environment Emissions Exhaust 2014

Study finds in-car rush-hour exposure to some particulate pollution twice as high as previously thought

Green Car Congress

JULY 23, 2017

Exhaust composition, however, changes rapidly enough for drivers to experience different conditions inside their vehicles than these roadside sensors. A schematic of the sampling device built by researchers to measure levels of toxic particulate matter present during rush hour inside of a typical car cabin. Vreeland et al.

Pollution

Pollution Atlanta Cars Exhaust

UC Irvine study finds organic constituents of UFP play important role in heart disease; suggestions for more effective emission control

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 12, 2013

Source: Kleinman presentation. Results of a study funded and released by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) suggest that the organic constituents of ultrafine PM (UFP, particles ? Dr. Kleinman presented his findings at a seminar on 9 October at the Cal/EPA Headquarters Building in Sacramento. Click to enlarge.

Emissions

Emissions Los Angeles Pollution California

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2017

Traffic contributes more to NO x emissions in Europe than previously thought, according to a new study by a team at the University of Innsbruck. Generally, different combustion and exhaust treatment characteristics result in significantly higher NO x /CO 2 emission ratios for diesel powered cars than for gasoline.

Europe

Europe Diesel Emissions Pollution

New process for lower-cost steel with high strength and high ductility

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2017

A Hong Kong-Beijing-Taiwan mechanical engineering team led by Dr Huang Mingxin from the University of Hong Kong (HKU) has developed a strategy to develop both high strength and high ductility in inexpensive, medium Mn (Manganese) steel. Credit: The University of Hong Kong. Resources. Click to enlarge. Background.

Taiwan

Taiwan Universal Industrial Industry

DESY study finds edges and corners increase efficiency of catalytic converters

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2018

Catalytic converters for cleaning exhaust emissions are more efficient when they use nanoparticles with many edges, according to a study carried out at the the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), a research center of the Helmholtz Association, X-ray source PETRA III. Resources. Francoual, J. Strempfer, and A. 120.126101.

Convert

Convert Carbon Exhaust Emissions

Ricardo and Univ. of Brighton working on advanced combustion system for heavy-duty vehicles; CoolR features recuperated split-cycle with isothermal compression using cryogenic injection

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Ricardo and the University of Brighton will model and evaluate an advanced split-cycle combustion system aimed at substantially reducing the carbon emissions of heavy-duty vehicles. Click to enlarge.

Exhaust

Exhaust Concept Vehicles Engine

Study finds automobile tires are a potential source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes to the environment

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2012

A new study by researchers from Stockholm University concludes that automobile tires may be a potential previously unknown source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes—a type of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)—to the environment. Non-exhaust traffic sources of particles. —Sadiktsis et al.

Environment

Environment Automobile Exhaust Oil

University of Wisconsin Researchers Investigating Dual-Fuel (Gasoline and Diesel) Partially Premixed Combustion for High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion; 53% Thermal Efficiency

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 3, 2009

Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, led by Dr. Rolf Reitz, are investigating a blended dual-fuel (gasoline and diesel) concept to extend the operating range of partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion by using the varying fuel reactivity of the charge blend, which is determined in real time. Source: Rolf Reitz.

Wisconsin

Wisconsin Gasoline Diesel Universal

Imaging study: air pollution impairs function of blood vessels in lungs

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2016

Air pollution impairs the function of blood vessels in the lungs, according to a study of more than 16,000 patients presented at EuroEcho-Imaging 2016. The volunteers were exposed to ambient air or dilute diesel exhaust with a PM 2.5 concentration of 300 μg/m 3 for two hours in a randomized, crossover study design.

Pollution

Pollution 2016 Exhaust Ozone

Study investigates impact of operating conditions and load on soot particle number distribution for diesel and biodiesel

Green Car Congress

JULY 27, 2013

The presence of oxygen in the fuel has the potential to lower the exhaust particle number concentration in diesel engines, they concluded. Limited information is available in the literature about the exhaust soot particle number size distribution under these operation conditions for diesel and RME fuels. 2013.05.013.

Diesel

Diesel Exhaust Engine Emissions

ARPA-E announces $98M in funding for 40 OPEN projects; two opposed-piston engines projects receive $10M total

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 16, 2018

Of those selected, approximately 43% of OPEN 2018 projects will be led by universities, 35% by small businesses, and the remainder by large businesses, non-profit organizations or federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs). Drop-In Replacement Materials from Abundant Resources to Double Energy in EV Batteries – $3,100,000.

Engine

Engine San Diego Polymer Lithium Ion

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 27, 2013

Based on on-road measurements in their study, a team from the University of California Berkeley has estimated that, as of 2010, light-duty (LD) gasoline vehicles were responsible for 85% of CO; 18% of NO x ; 18% of organic aerosol (OA); and 6% of black carbon (BC) emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the United States. Dallmann, Thomas W.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Diesel San Francisco

New split-cycle concept to control diesel HCCI combustion

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

A team from Universita degli Studi di Pisa (Italy) and Rolf Reitz at the University of Wisconsin-Madison are proposing a novel combustion concept—Homogenous Charge Progressive Combustion (HCPC)—based on a split-cycle principle to control HCCI combustion in diesel-fueled engines. —Musu et al., SAE 2010-01-2107. Displacement.

Concept

Concept Diesel San Diego 2010

Study finds biodiesel from algae, yeast and bacteria can displace both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2012

Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) derived from oleaginous microbes—microalgae, yeast, and bacteria—can effectively displace both petroleum diesel and biodiesel produced from plant oils, according to the findings of a new study by a team from Utah State University. The team found less of a difference in observed torque output.

Diesel

Diesel Oil Fuel Exhaust

Study finds V2G-capable electric school buses cost-effective with current technology; financial and environmental benefits

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Electric school bus fleets with vehicle-to-grid (V2G) capabilities are cost-effective with today’s technology, and could save schools money while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving public health, according to a new study by a team at the University of Delaware’s College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment (CEOE).

Fleet

Fleet Electric Electrical Climate Change

Study Shows Higher Compression Ratios Boost the Performance of Both Hydrous Ethanol and E22 Blend

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2010

A study by a team at the Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (Brazil) found that higher compression ratios in a spark-ignition engine improved performance of both an E22 blend (78% gasoline, 22% ethanol) as well as neat hydrous ethanol. The paper was published online 15 September in the journal Applied Thermal Engineering.

Exhaust

Exhaust Gasoline Water 2009

32.5M hours of supercomputer time to aid GM, Ford engine projects with Oak Ridge Lab

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 6, 2014

Graphic from GM, Edwards AMR 2014 presentation. Source: Edwards, AMR 2014 presentation. Some strategies to reduce emissions include running the engine highly dilute, with excess air or with recirculated exhaust gases as part of the combustion charge. Schulten, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Resources.

Engine

Engine GM Ford 2014

Researchers develop alkali- and sulfur-resistant tungsten-based catalysts for SCR NOx control

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2015

Researchers at Fudan University, with colleagues at the University of Jinan and Chongqing University, have developed alkali- and sulfur-resistant tungsten-based catalysts for SCR NO x emissions control. A paper on their work is published in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. Huang et al. 5b03972.

2013

2013 2015 Universal Emissions

Achates Power awarded $14M military single-cylinder engine project; partnering with Cummins

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2015

At the Symposium on International Automotive Technology 2015 in India in January, Achates Power presented Achates Power presented work related to the first opposed-piston multi-cylinder engine fuel economy demonstration meeting US 2010 emissions standards. John Wall, chief technical officer, Cummins Inc. Lower pumping work.

Engine

Engine Power Powered 2015

Study links deterioration of concrete and asphalt to trace quantities of organic matter; diesel exhaust, windshield washer fluids

Researchers developing free-piston linear generator for exhaust waste heat recovery

Researchers capture first images of CO2 emissions from commercial aircraft engine using chemical species tomography

Study finds “markedly” high levels of diesel exhaust present in commuter trains powered by locomotives in pull-mode

Study identifies combustion-derived nanoparticles in diesel exhaust as the predominant mediator for adverse cardiovascular events

SwRI CAT-DEF reduces heavy-duty diesel emissions to meet CARB 2027 NOx requirements

Rice University study of lung cells suggests anthropogenic carbon nanotubes are common pollutants

Study finds reduction of low-frequency noise from transition to electric buses improved residents’ health

Study finds high exhaust temperatures within NTE operation for heavy-duty diesels with aftertreatment systems contribute to high nanoparticle concentrations

Effect of syngas composition on combustion and exhaust emission characteristics in a dual-fuel engine operated in PREMIER combustion mode

CPT presenting two papers at SAE World Congress on SpeedStart and TIGERS for 48V mild hybrid systems

Study shows renewable diesel from crude tall oil is a high quality drop-in fuel for off-road engines

UC Riverside team examines influence of mid-and high-level ethanol blends on pollution from GDI flex fuel vehicle

Simulation study suggests ORC waste heat recovery system could deliver potential 7% improvement in fuel consumption in a PHEV on highway

Limitations on diesel-ignited propane duel fuel combustion in heavy-duty diesel engine

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Study measures the effect of regional change in clouds caused by ships’ emissions; masking GHG warming

U Delaware team develops prototype efficient direct ammonia fuel cell for transportation

EU investing >€3M in research into ultra-efficient aero engines; ULTIMATE project

Team finds high concentrations of combustion- and friction-derived magnetic air pollution nanoparticles in human hearts in Mexico City

New study finds that ship emissions from HFO and diesel adversely affect pulmonary macrophages

Review of research suggests inconclusive support for fuel consumption benefits of catalyzed EGR

Argonne VERIFI researchers applying GSA to investigate combustion engine parameters; seeking cleaner and more efficient engines

Researchers identify new nitrated PAH compounds from combustion that are hundreds of times more mutagenic than parent PAHs

U Toronto study measures GDI emissions in urban near-road environment

Study finds in-car rush-hour exposure to some particulate pollution twice as high as previously thought

UC Irvine study finds organic constituents of UFP play important role in heart disease; suggestions for more effective emission control

Study finds air quality models significantly underestimate traffic as source of NOx in Europe

New process for lower-cost steel with high strength and high ductility

DESY study finds edges and corners increase efficiency of catalytic converters

Ricardo and Univ. of Brighton working on advanced combustion system for heavy-duty vehicles; CoolR features recuperated split-cycle with isothermal compression using cryogenic injection

Study finds automobile tires are a potential source of carcinogenic dibenzopyrenes to the environment

University of Wisconsin Researchers Investigating Dual-Fuel (Gasoline and Diesel) Partially Premixed Combustion for High-Efficiency, Ultra-Low Emission Combustion; 53% Thermal Efficiency

Imaging study: air pollution impairs function of blood vessels in lungs

Study investigates impact of operating conditions and load on soot particle number distribution for diesel and biodiesel

ARPA-E announces $98M in funding for 40 OPEN projects; two opposed-piston engines projects receive $10M total

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

New split-cycle concept to control diesel HCCI combustion

Study finds biodiesel from algae, yeast and bacteria can displace both petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel

Study finds V2G-capable electric school buses cost-effective with current technology; financial and environmental benefits

Study Shows Higher Compression Ratios Boost the Performance of Both Hydrous Ethanol and E22 Blend

32.5M hours of supercomputer time to aid GM, Ford engine projects with Oak Ridge Lab

Researchers develop alkali- and sulfur-resistant tungsten-based catalysts for SCR NOx control

Achates Power awarded $14M military single-cylinder engine project; partnering with Cummins

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