Coal, Comparison and Study

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2021

“Blue” hydrogen—produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas or coal gasification, but with CO 2 capture and storage—is being described as having low or zero carbon emissions. Our analysis assumes that captured carbon dioxide can be stored indefinitely, an optimistic and unproven assumption.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Gas Coal Exhaust

Keliber says studies show its lithium hydroxide will have smaller carbon footprint than most of the competition

Green Car Congress

MARCH 10, 2022

Keliber, a Finnish mining and battery chemical company that aims to start the sustainable production of battery-grade lithium hydroxide, has analyzed the CO 2 emissions generated by its future production using two studies. In the comparison, Keliber shows the lowest emission intensity of 4.38 Keliber plans to begin production in 2024.

Carbon

Carbon Chile Australia Emissions

ICCT LCA study finds only battery and hydrogen fuel-cell EVs have potential to be very low-GHG passenger vehicle pathways

Green Car Congress

JULY 21, 2021

In addition to its regional and temporal scope, this study is distinct from earlier LCA literature in four key aspects: This study considers the lifetime average carbon intensity of the fuel and electricity mixes, including biofuels and biogas. This results in significantly lower battery production emissions than in earlier studies.

Hydrogen

Hydrogen Fuel Batteries Battery

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

In the Tianjin study, they team fueled a four-cylinder light-duty diesel engine fueled with CFT and DF, identifying 13 individual carbonyl compounds in the exhaust. However, the use of CFT resulted in a remarkable reduction in carbonyl emissions in comparison with using DF. Jakober, 2008). reduction in total carbonyls and a 6.0–100%

Coal

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel

Rice study finds using natural gas for electricity and heating, not transportation, more effective in reducing GHGs

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2016

Rice University researchers have determined a more effective way to use natural gas to reduce climate-warming emissions would be in the replacement of existing coal-fired power plants and fuel-oil furnaces rather than burning it in cars and buses. However, residential uses and exports of natural gas were not considered in those comparisons.

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Gas Transportation Coal

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 12, 2013

In regions where the share of coal-based electricity is relatively low, EVs can achieve substantial GHG reduction, the team reports in a paper in the ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology. According to the 12 th Five-Year Plan of the China Coal Industry (2011?2015)

Coal

Coal Pollution China Gas

Study finds that dry-feed gasification for coal-to-liquids is more efficient, lower-emitting and cheaper than slurry-feed; CCS cost-effective for reduction of CO2

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

Comparison of coal consumption and CO 2 emissions for co-production and separate production of liquids and power. Conventional CTL plant gasifies coal to produce a syngas which is then converted in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to products. Tags: Coal-to-Liquids (CTL) Emissions. Source: Mantripragada and Rubin.

Coal

Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2013

Renault’s comparison of the carbon footprint of EV and ICE vehicles over production, operation and end of life. The study used the series production versions launched in 2011, with the assumption of operation for 150,000 km (93,205 miles). water, and non-renewable energies (crude oil, coal.) The EV footprint (Fluence Z.E.)

Li-ion

Li-ion Gasoline-Electric Ozone Diesel

Harvard team finds large-scale US wind power would cause warming that would take roughly a century to offset

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 5, 2018

All large-scale energy systems have environmental impacts, and the ability to compare the impacts of renewable energy sources is an important step in planning a future without coal or gas power. Wind beats coal by any environmental measure, but that doesn’t mean that its impacts are negligible. Source: Miller and Keith (2018a).

Wind

Wind Power Powered Climate

Study Finds that US Subsidies for Fossil Fuels Are Almost 2.5x Those for Renewables

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2009

The study, “Estimating US Government Subsidies to Energy Sources: 2002-2008”, found that fossil fuels benefited from approximately $72 billion over the seven-year period, while subsidies for renewable fuels totaled $29 billion. billion went to traditional sources—such as coal and oil—and $2.3 Of the fossil fuel subsidies, $70.2

Renewable

Renewable Tax Credit Climate Change Fuel

U. Mich study: natural-gas-based ICE, BEV and FCV all show promise for environmental benefits relative to conventional ICE

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 19, 2014

Their study appears in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. … in this study the environmental impacts of delivering driven vehicle miles are compared for three different vehicle fleets, each powered either directly or indirectly by natural gas. —Dai and Lastoskie. Credit: ACS, Dai and Lastoskie. Click to enlarge.

Gas

Gas Li-ion Gas-Electric Conversion

Georgia Tech study finds MD electric urban delivery trucks have cost advantages over diesel in some conditions; relative benefits depend on numerous factors

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2013

The study found that TCO for electric and diesel medium-duty urban delivery trucks were similar. The team had expected that electric truck costs would always be higher, especially since the purchase price of the electric truck studied was higher than that of the diesel truck. Credit: ACS, Lee et al. Click to enlarge. —Lee et al.

Georgia

Georgia Diesel Gas-Electric Electric

Swiss WTW study finds important role for alternative fuels as well as alt drivetrains in move to low-emissions vehicles

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2014

The study by a team at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, reported in the Journal of Power Sources , is novel in three respects, the researchers said. Third, the analysis offers a novel comparison of drivetrain and energy carrier production pathways based on natural resource categories.

Alternative Fuels

Alternative Fuels Emissions Fuel Switzerland

PNNL modeling study finds climate benefit for cutting soot, methane smaller than previous estimates

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2013

Cutting the amount of short-lived, climate-warming emissions such as soot and methane won’t limit global warming as much as previous studies have suggested, according to a new study from the Joint Global Change Research Institute in College Park, Md., degree reduction found in earlier studies. —Smith and Mizrahi.

Climate

Climate Pollution Carbon Emissions

Study finds methane leaks from three large US natural gas fields in line with EPA estimates

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 20, 2015

The gas fields we studied for this paper produced about 20% of the natural gas in the United States, and more than half the shale gas, so this moves us closer to understanding methane leaks from US natural gas production. Where leak rates are low, the comparison favors natural gas. tons (33,000 lbs) per hour, or 0.18-0.41%

EPA

EPA Gas Arkansas Colorado

HEI: 95%+ of world’s population live in areas of unhealthy air

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2018

Seven billion people, more than 95% of the world’s population, lived in areas exceeding the WHO Guideline for healthy air in 2016, according to a new global study. Comparison of 2016 annual average PM 2.5 coal, wood, and dung) for cooking and heating. was industrial coal; transportation followed as a close second.

Pollution

Pollution Coal 2016 India

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2019

The decline of coal use in the European Union and United States is overshadowed by surging natural gas and oil use around the world, according to the researchers. About 40% of global carbon dioxide emissions were attributable to coal use, 34% from oil, 20% from natural gas, and the remaining 6% from cement production and other sources.

Carbon

Carbon Global Emissions Climate Change

MIT study finds shift to green energy sources could mean crunch in supply of key rare earth elements

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2012

Comparison of demand projections for REE (total summed). The study by researchers at MIT also points out that production of the two metals has been increasing by only a few percentage points per year.the availability of REEs appears to be at risk based on a number of factors. Credit: ACS, Alonso et al. Click to enlarge.

MIT

MIT Supplies Energy Green

BNEF: wind and solar boost cost-competitiveness versus fossil fuels

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2015

This year has brought a significant shift in the generating cost comparison between renewable energy and fossil fuels, according to detailed analysis by technology and region, published this week by Bloomberg New Energy Finance. In the US, coal and gas are still cheaper, at $65 per MWh, against onshore wind at $80 and PV at $107.

Wind

Wind Solar Coal Fuel

ORNL study finds best current use of natural gas for cars is efficient production of electricity for EVs

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 24, 2014

The study investigated the the WTW energy and emissions from the use of natural gas in CNGVs with a range of CNGV fuel economy and natural gas compressor efficiency. The baseline for comparison is based on a 2012 2.4 —Curran et al. L Chevrolet Malibu with a combined fuel economy of 26 mpg (9.0

Gas-Electric

Gas-Electric Gas Fuel Economy PHEV

New inventory of black carbon emissions from China finds 2007 levels higher than previously reported

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2012

A new black carbon (BC) emissions inventory from China found BC emissions levels in 2007 of 1,957 Gg BC—higher than reported in earlier studies. Comparison of relative contributions from various sources to total BC emissions between China and other countries/regions including India, North America, and Africa. Click to enlarge.

2007

2007 Carbon China Emissions

U Calgary study finds oil shale most energy intensive upgraded fuel followed by in-situ-produced bitumen from oil sands

Green Car Congress

JULY 10, 2015

A team at the University of Calgary (Canada) has compared the energy intensities and lifecycle GHG emissions of unconventional oils (oil sands and oil shale) alongside shale gas, coal, lignite, wood and conventional oil and gas. The upper and lower bounds for the projects studied were a NER of 6.1 (16% —Nduagu & Gates.

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil Energy Fuel

U Chicago, MIT study suggests ongoing use of fossil fuels absent new carbon taxes

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 24, 2016

A paper by a team from the University of Chicago and MIT suggests that technology-driven cost reductions in fossil fuels will lead to the continued use of fossil fuels—oil, gas, and coal—unless governments pass new taxes on carbon emissions. for oil, 24% for coal, and 20% for natural gas. F of warming.

Chicago

Chicago MIT Tax Carbon

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2014

The study shows that Americans face the risk of a 70% increase in unhealthy summertime ozone levels by 2050, assuming continued greenhouse gas emissions with resultant significant warming (IPCC Scenario A2 and RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5.). The new study was among the first conducted on the new 1.5-petaflop

Ozone

Ozone Climate Change Pollution Climate

New full LCA highlights complexity of environmental advantages and disadvantages of EVs relative to ICE vehicles; the importance of life cycle thinking

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 7, 2012

Consistent comparisons between emerging technologies such as EVs and their conventional counterparts are necessary to support policy development, sound research, and investment decisions.The production phase of EVs proved substantially more environmentally intensive. Hawkins et al. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline-Electric

Gasoline-Electric Vehicles Coal Gasoline

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

Green Car Congress

JULY 3, 2015

For the study, the researchers benchmarked 27 scenarios against a 50% petroleum-reduction target and an 80% GHG-reduction target. The study estimated national fuel and emissions impacts from increasing reliance on electrified light-duty transportation, and the resulting implications for advanced biofuels. —Meier et al.

Carbon

Carbon EPRI Climate Gasoline-Electric

NREL LCA Harmonization Project delivers meta-analyses of lifecycle GHG emissions for energy technologies

Green Car Congress

MAY 5, 2012

Analysts at the US Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have developed harmonized meta-analyses of lifecycle greenhouse-gas emissions from coal, wind, solar and other energy technologies. The project is an effort to leverage rigorously the many individual LCA studies to develop collective insights.

Emissions

Emissions Energy Coal Gas-Electric

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

The 100-year global warming potentials (GWPs) for methane, CO, and NO x (per Tg N) as given in the AR4 and in this study when including no aerosol response; the direct radiative effect of aerosol responses; and the direct+indirect radiative effects of aerosol responses. Source: Shindell at al. Click to enlarge. —Drew Shindell.

Climate Change

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution

Ecofys report concludes current European regulations underestimating GHG reductions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2014

The study was commissioned by the European Oilseed Alliance (EOA), the European Biodiesel Board (EBB) and the European Vegetable Oil and Proteinmeal Industry (FEDIOL). The study also investigates the carbon intensity of the four fossil fuel types that are most sensitive to a marginal reduced global demand for oil.

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil 2014 Fuel

The Case for Nuclear Cargo Ships

Cars That Think

JANUARY 20, 2024

The IMO’s previous goal was a 50 percent reduction by 2050 in comparison with 2008 levels. At the same time, it’s becoming apparent that alternative-fuel solutions we’re looking at have big drawbacks, and that producing these fuels will take a lot of green power that will be needed to replace coal and gas on shore.

Molten Salt

Molten Salt Mariner South Korea Water

Hybrids vs EVs: where should government put its money

Baua Electric

JANUARY 20, 2024

The company believes that the advantage of BEVs having zero tailpipe emissions is offset by the fact that BEVs are now charged mostly by electric grids that take power from power plants powered by coal. HEVs powered by e-fuels have emerged as a viable option for sustainable transportation in India.

Hybrid

Hybrid Suzuki Tax India

NETL Report Concludes CTL Plus Carbon Capture Results in Fuel with 5-12% Less Lifecycle GHG Than Petroleum Diesel; Modest Biomass Additions Lower GHG Further

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 7, 2009

Adding biomass to the coal in the CTL process (Coal and Biomass to Liquids, CBTL) can reduce the GHG emissions further, according to the study. The study evaluated the performance and cost of three types of plants (CTL, CBTL and BTL) in 11 different configurations at capacities up to 50,000 bpd. Tarka et al. Tarka et al.

Carbon

Carbon Diesel Fuel Coal

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

Methanol can be produced from a range of renewable sources and fossil-fuel based feed-stocks; in practice methanol is mainly produced in coal-rich China from coal. Their results showed that in comparison with gasoline mode, CO emitted in methanol mode decreased 11.2%. Methanol in China. —Wang et al. —Chen et al.

Renewable

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel

Researchers Propose Solar-Driven Biomass Gasification Pathway for Synthetic Fuel Production

Green Car Congress

MAY 1, 2009

For comparison, they also modeled the production of methanol using only biomass as a fuel and also using coal as source of both carbon and energy. Solar-Driven Biomass Gasification Biomass-Fired Biomass Gasification with CO 2 Capture Coal Gasification with CO 2 Capture. In comparison, cropland today covers 1.5 billion ha.

Solar

Solar Molten Salt Fuel Production

Chicago Area Clean Cities names American Lung Association 2017 Clean Fuels Champion

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 8, 2017

Studies show that air pollution from transportation causes asthma attacks and contributes to premature death and lung cancer among many other health concerns. A 2010 Health Effects Institute study estimated that 45% of Americans live near roads with elevated levels of traffic emissions.

Chicago

Chicago Clean Cleaning 2017

UNICEF: 300M children worldwide breathing air exceeding WHO pollution guidelines by 6x or more

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2016

For comparison, if those countries were to have the same motorization rate per capita as the United States of America currently, the number of vehicles would increase by nearly 40 times for India and Nigeria, and 8 times for China. This also does not account for the growth in population over the coming decades.

Pollution

Pollution Nigeria Asia Africa

Stanford team develops new ultrahigh surface area 3D porous graphitic carbon material for improved energy storage

Green Car Congress

JUNE 1, 2015

Furthermore, they are generally synthesized from coal or biomass (e.g., According to Zhenan Bao, the senior author of the study and a professor of chemical engineering at Stanford, the new designer carbon represents a dramatic improvement over conventional activated carbon. b) Long-term cycling stability of HPG carbon/polysulfide (3.2

Energy Storage

Energy Storage Carbon Lithium Sulfur Energy

FT and FT blends significantly reduce gaseous and particulate emissions compared to conventional JP-8 fuel in helicopter engine

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 5, 2012

The goal of their study was to understand how alternative fuels affect the primary PM emissions, the semi-volatile nature of the these emissions, and the potential for the emissions to form secondary PM. Properties of fuels used in the study. A paper on the results is published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. —Drozd et al.

Emissions

Emissions Engine Fuel Gas

Separate MIT, IEA reports both outline major expansion in role of natural gas; caution on climate benefits

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

An interim report with some of this study’s major findings and recommendations was released in June 2010. High-level findings of the MIT study include: There are abundant supplies of natural gas in the world, and many of these supplies can be developed and produced at relatively low cost. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.)

MIT

MIT Gas Climate Gas-Electric

Siemens presents three-point plan for implementing cost-efficient energy transition in Germany

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2013

Electricity prices in comparison. With efficiency ratings of more than 60%, an advanced combined cycle power plant emits less than half the CO 2 produced by a new coal-fired power plant, and wind power is well on its way to be able to deliver electricity as cost-effectively as conventional energy sources. Euro cents/kWh.

Germany

Germany Energy Renewable Grid

CERA: Canadian Oil Sands Poised to Become the Top Source of Crude Imports to the US in 2010; Could Contribute Up To 36% of US Oil and Refined Products Imports by 2030

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

IHS CERA’s earlier comparison of 11 publicly available life-cycle analysis studies found that fuel produced from oil sands mining has average well-to–retail pump greenhouse gas emissions 1.3 That WTW range is lower than that determined by a number of other studies, IHS CERA notes.). Conventional oil uses 0.1

Oil-Sands

Oil-Sands Oil 2010 Production

NETL Soliciting RD Projects for Co-Production of Power, Fuels, and Chemicals via Coal/Biomass Mixtures

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2010

The US Department of Energy’s National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has issued a new Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) soliciting research projects that will address key challenges related to the utilization of coal-biomass mixtures for co-production of power and hydrogen, fuels, and/or chemicals.

Coal

Coal Power Powered Production

The 80-20 Rule

Plug In Partners

JULY 18, 2008

A study by EPRI , the California Air Resources Board, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Argonne National Laboratory, and others (5.3MB PDF) concluded that plug-in hybrids produced substantially lower greenhouse gas emissions than either conventional gasoline cars or unplugged hybrids. refining), and use are added. 2) The U.S.

EPRI

EPRI Li-ion Ni-Li PHEV

Peabody Energy and GreatPoint Energy To Partner on Coal-to-Gas and Coal-to-Hydrogen Facilities with Carbon Capture and Storage

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

Overview of the bluegas catalytic coal methanation process. By comparison, syngas resulting from conventional gasification cannot be converted to pipeline quality natural gas without further processing, thereby adding cost. Click to enlarge.

Coal

Coal Carbon Gas Energy

Study finds total greenhouse gas footprint of blue hydrogen “quite high” due to fugitive methane

Keliber says studies show its lithium hydroxide will have smaller carbon footprint than most of the competition

ICCT LCA study finds only battery and hydrogen fuel-cell EVs have potential to be very low-GHG passenger vehicle pathways

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Rice study finds using natural gas for electricity and heating, not transportation, more effective in reducing GHGs

Tsinghua University provincial-level lifecycle study finds fuel-cycle criteria pollutants of EVs in China could be up to 5x those of natural gas vehicles due to China’s coal-dominant power mix

Study finds that dry-feed gasification for coal-to-liquids is more efficient, lower-emitting and cheaper than slurry-feed; CCS cost-effective for reduction of CO2

Renault makes public its lifecycle study of Fluence ICE vs Fluence EV

Harvard team finds large-scale US wind power would cause warming that would take roughly a century to offset

Study Finds that US Subsidies for Fossil Fuels Are Almost 2.5x Those for Renewables

U. Mich study: natural-gas-based ICE, BEV and FCV all show promise for environmental benefits relative to conventional ICE

Georgia Tech study finds MD electric urban delivery trucks have cost advantages over diesel in some conditions; relative benefits depend on numerous factors

Swiss WTW study finds important role for alternative fuels as well as alt drivetrains in move to low-emissions vehicles

PNNL modeling study finds climate benefit for cutting soot, methane smaller than previous estimates

Study finds methane leaks from three large US natural gas fields in line with EPA estimates

HEI: 95%+ of world’s population live in areas of unhealthy air

Global Carbon Project: Global carbon emissions growth slows, but hits record high

MIT study finds shift to green energy sources could mean crunch in supply of key rare earth elements

BNEF: wind and solar boost cost-competitiveness versus fossil fuels

ORNL study finds best current use of natural gas for cars is efficient production of electricity for EVs

New inventory of black carbon emissions from China finds 2007 levels higher than previously reported

U Calgary study finds oil shale most energy intensive upgraded fuel followed by in-situ-produced bitumen from oil sands

U Chicago, MIT study suggests ongoing use of fossil fuels absent new carbon taxes

Study finds rising temperatures increase risk of unhealthy ozone levels absent sharp cuts in precursors

New full LCA highlights complexity of environmental advantages and disadvantages of EVs relative to ICE vehicles; the importance of life cycle thinking

Study: even with high LDV electrification, low-carbon biofuels will be necessary to meet 80% GHG reduction target; “daunting” policy implications

NREL LCA Harmonization Project delivers meta-analyses of lifecycle GHG emissions for energy technologies

NASA GISS Study Finds That Methane Has an Elevated Warming Effect Due to Interactions With Aerosols

Ecofys report concludes current European regulations underestimating GHG reductions

The Case for Nuclear Cargo Ships

Hybrids vs EVs: where should government put its money

NETL Report Concludes CTL Plus Carbon Capture Results in Fuel with 5-12% Less Lifecycle GHG Than Petroleum Diesel; Modest Biomass Additions Lower GHG Further

Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Researchers Propose Solar-Driven Biomass Gasification Pathway for Synthetic Fuel Production

Chicago Area Clean Cities names American Lung Association 2017 Clean Fuels Champion

UNICEF: 300M children worldwide breathing air exceeding WHO pollution guidelines by 6x or more

Stanford team develops new ultrahigh surface area 3D porous graphitic carbon material for improved energy storage

FT and FT blends significantly reduce gaseous and particulate emissions compared to conventional JP-8 fuel in helicopter engine

Separate MIT, IEA reports both outline major expansion in role of natural gas; caution on climate benefits

Siemens presents three-point plan for implementing cost-efficient energy transition in Germany

CERA: Canadian Oil Sands Poised to Become the Top Source of Crude Imports to the US in 2010; Could Contribute Up To 36% of US Oil and Refined Products Imports by 2030

NETL Soliciting RD Projects for Co-Production of Power, Fuels, and Chemicals via Coal/Biomass Mixtures

The 80-20 Rule

Peabody Energy and GreatPoint Energy To Partner on Coal-to-Gas and Coal-to-Hydrogen Facilities with Carbon Capture and Storage

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