Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

Criegee radicals have been impossible to measure until this work carried out at the Advanced Light Source. Ozonolysis—the cleavage of carbon-carbon double bonds through reaction with ozone—is a reaction that plays a key role in a number of fields, including synthetic chemistry and tropospheric removal of unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Ozone 268

Ozone Climate Change Climate 2012 268

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2015

Widespread adoption of electric transportation, including electrification in the off-road sector, could lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and could modestly improve air quality, according to a new analysis released by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC).

EPRI 150

EPRI Cleaner Grid Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2016

Among the findings of the report, “HFC-134a phase-out in the Chinese light-duty motor vehicle sector”, was that, considering the social cost of CO 2 e, up to 1 trillion RMB in costs (US$150 billion) required to address climate change could be avoided through 2050 by transitioning to low-GWP alternative MACs. Background.

China 150

China Ozone Chinese United States 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Results of the study suggest that soot is second only to carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Jacobson found that the combination of the two types of soot is the second-leading cause of global warming after carbon dioxide. Black carbon converts sunlight to heat and radiates it back to the air around it. Jacobson, J.

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2011

systems in areas classified “Serious,” “Severe,” or “Extreme” for nonattainment of the ozone national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). ORVR systems are carbon canisters installed in vehicles to capture gasoline vapors evacuated from the gasoline tank before they reach the pump nozzle. Storage Tanks (Tom Driscoll, EPA).

EPA 186

EPA Gasoline 2013 Ozone 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 9, 2009

Ranges in passenger occupancy can easily change the relative performance of modes, with large aircraft performing better than light rail in some of the areas investigated. Samples of the findings include: Off-peak urban diesel buses has the largest energy consumption and GHG emissions per PKT, followed by the three light-duty vehicles.

Light 150

Light Emissions Energy Boston 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 4, 2011

million metric tons of avoided ozone-related yield losses of major food crops; $US0.6-2.4 While reductions in particulate matter tend to produce local health benefits, the scientists found health and agricultural benefits from reduced ozone disperse more widely. trillion avoided health damage and $US1.1-4.3 Shindell et al.’s

Climate 231

Climate Standards Emissions Climate Change 231

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 30, 2009

In particular, the study led by Drew Shindell found that methane emissions have a larger warming impact due to those interactions than accounted for in current carbon-trading schemes or in the Kyoto Protocol. And hydroxyls drive long chains of reactions involving other common gases, including ozone. Shindell et al.

Climate Change 268

Climate Change Climate Ozone Pollution 268

Green Car Congress

JUNE 27, 2017

Percent reduction in visible solar energy due to ambient PM (plus a small contribution from ozone) (A), only dust PM deposition (B) deposition of all PM components (C), and atmospheric and deposited combined (D; note change in scale). Credit: ACS, Bergin et al. Click to enlarge. —Michael Bergin. 7b00197.

Solar 218

Solar Energy Global Production 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 31, 2016

Efforts to commercialize light-weight, energy-dense lithium-sulfur secondary batteries (2510 Wh kg –1 ) have been stalled by ongoing problems with the battery’s membrane, which limits cycle-life. Sepion’s polymer membrane technology provides a counterpoint, yielding long-lasting lithium-sulfur cells. Harper International Corp.

Manufacturer 150

Manufacturer EPRI Lithium Sulfur Carbon Fiber 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 4, 2010

The researchers used a suite of climate chemistry models to consider the climate effects of all long- and short-lived gases, aerosols and cloud effects, not just carbon dioxide, resulting from transport worldwide. As planes fly at high altitudes, their impact on ozone and clouds is disproportionately high, though short lived.

Global 225

Global Climate Change Climate 2000 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2010

In contrast, the industrial and power sectors release many of the same gases—with a larger contribution to radiative forcing—but they also emit sulfates and other aerosols that cause cooling by reflecting light and altering clouds. “We We wanted to provide the information in a way that would be more helpful for policy makers. Nadine Unger.

Transportation 391

Transportation Climate Change Power Powered 391

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Carbon Capture and Sequestration.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 11, 2010

Illustration of light-duty vehicle sales share by emission certification level projected to be required to meet. The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is developing a proposal for more stringent emission requirements—i.e., Staff proposes to require all light-duty vehicles to comply with the zero evaporative standard.

Emissions 186

Emissions Fleet California Vehicles 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 25, 2011

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) is soliciting research suggestions for the Fiscal Year 2012-2013 Annual Research Plan in the form of brief conceptual descriptions that address specified research gaps and support the Board’s ongoing regulatory and policy priorities. The deadline to submit research concepts is 31 January 2012.

Pollution 231

Pollution 2012 California 2013 231

Green Car Congress

MAY 12, 2017

A new study quantifying emissions from a fleet of gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines and port fuel injection (PFI) engines finds that the measured decrease in CO 2 emissions from GDIs is much greater than the potential climate forcing associated with higher black carbon emissions from GDI engines. —Saliba et al. versus 6.3 ± 1.1

Fleet 207

Fleet Engine Global Fuel Economy 207

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

Panels show (a) PM 2.5 , (b) elemental carbon (EC), (c) NO x , (d) CO, (e) formaldehyde, and (f) sum of target VOCs. A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 Emission rates for the 1.7 L engines at idle. Credit: ACS, Chin et al.

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

Current mandates and targets for liquid biofuels should be reconsidered in light of the potential adverse environmental consequences, potential displacement or competition with food crops, and difficulty of meeting these goals without large-scale land conversion. However very few studies include water use impacts. Menichetti and Otto.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2013

R134a replaced CFC-12 as the MAC refrigerant in the early 1990s due to the negative impact of CFCs on the Earth’s ozone layer. HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf, and carbon dioxide are alternatives that may substantially reduce climate impacts and meet safety standards.A transition to a new refrigerant is not easy.

Future 311

Future CO2 Climate 2009 311

Green Car Congress

MAY 9, 2013

The 2013-2014 plan update allocates $100 million to projects in the following areas: $23 million for biofuels production and supply, with an emphasis on fuels made from waste-based and other low-carbon, sustainable materials. $20 20 million for hydrogen fueling infrastructure. 4 million to emerging opportunities.

Green Vehicles 295

Green Vehicles California 2014 2013 295

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2013

Climate benefits in the near-term (estimated using a GWP-20) are more than three times as large given the rapid benefits that the control of black carbon provides. Next-generation standards would target new reductions in emissions of NO x and non-methane hydrocarbons (HC), which are precursors to ozone and secondary particulate matter.

Emissions 220

Emissions Global Fuel Vehicles 220

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). GHG emissions (grams CO 2 -eq)/VMT by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Click to enlarge.

2005 246

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal 246