Green Car Congress

MAY 11, 2020

US energy-related CO 2 emissions declined by 2.8% CO 2 emissions had increased by 2.9% Because of continuing trends in how much energy the US economy uses and how much CO 2 that energy use generates, energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2019 fell more than energy consumption, which declined by 0.9%

2019 273

2019 CO2 Energy 2017 273

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

All but three European car manufacturers met their specific emission targets in 2017, based on current European vehicle test rules. Nevertheless, average carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from new cars sold in the European Union in 2017 rose by 0.4g The final data show that average CO 2 emissions of a new car sold in the EU rose by 0.4

2017 170

2017 Emissions CO2 2016 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The power of EVs is electricity from the grid. and NO x emissions. Credit: ACS, Huo et al. Click to enlarge. Generation mix of the six interprovincial power grids in 2008.

Coal 291

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Pollution 291

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2017

A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder projects the emission impacts of the widespread introduction of inexpensive and efficient electric vehicles into the US light duty vehicle (LDV) sector. Total NO x , VOCs, and SO 2 emissions are similar in OPT and BAU due to inter-sectoral shifts.

Emissions 150

Emissions Economy Gasoline-Electric Coal 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 19, 2022

Hydrogen: not a stand-in for gasoline. As I watched this, I started to believe that there is actually enormous potential in the characteristics unique to hydrogen engines instead of simply treating it as a substitute for gasoline. —Yamaha President Hidaka at the Nov 2021 venue. —Takeshi Yamada.

Hydrogen 448

Hydrogen Toyota Fuel Corporation 448

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2014

With alternative fuel vehicles now approaching 1% of new vehicle production, however, they are in fact beginning to have a “ measurable and meaningful impact ” on overall new vehicle fuel economy and CO 2 emissions. In the analysis, EPA uses overall fuel economy in mpg equivalent (mpge) and tailpipe CO 2 emission values.

Fuel Economy 312

Fuel Economy EPA PHEV Economy 312

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2012

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported that after an increase in 2010 of 3.3%, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the US in 2011 decreased by 2.4% (136 million metric tons), while GDP grew by 1.8%. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions have declined in the United States in four out of the last six years.

2011 231

2011 Emissions Energy CO2 231

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2010

The State of Minnesota Department of Transportation (MN-DOT) has approved two ISE bus manufacturer partners—New Flyer and ElDorado—to supply their chassis together with ISE’s gasoline series hybrid-electric drive system as a qualified option under the terms of the recently released contract. Earlier post.)

Minnesota 199

Minnesota Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Available 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 11, 2012

Contributions of regions to total life cycle emissions for three fuels (µg per vehicle-mile traveled per km 2 land area). Dashed lines show US average emissions. Associated tailpipe emissions alone account for 40?60% Credit: ACS, Tessum et al. Click to enlarge. —Tessum et al.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Emissions Gasoline-Electric Pollution 236

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2016

Regulatory regimes seeking to reduce emissions from transport have largely focused on tailpipe emissions—i.e., 2013 found that the ratio of non-exhaust to exhaust particles is strongly increasing in the last two decades, due to exhaust emission reductions. Further, a 2013 review by Denier van der Gon et al. earlier post ).

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Emissions Belgium Gasoline-Electric 150

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2014

Deaths from outdoor air pollution by region in 2005 and 2010. From 2005 to 2010, the death rate rose by 4% worldwide, by 5% in China and by 12% in India. In OECD countries, around half the cost is from road transport, according to the report, with diesel vehicles producing the most harmful emissions. Click to enlarge.

Pollution 218

Pollution Transportation Emissions India 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

US CO 2 emissions growth. In its current version of the Short Term Energy Outlook ( STEO ), the US Energy Information Administration projects a 5% decline in fossil-fuel-based CO 2 emissions in 2009. decrease in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels in 2008. decline in coal-based CO 2 emissions for 2009. Source: EIA STEO.

2009 220

2009 Emissions Gasoline Coal 220

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 26, 2018

Battery electric cars emit less greenhouse gases and air pollutants over their entire life cycle than petrol and diesel cars, according to a European Environment Agency (EEA) report. Emissions are usually higher in the production phase of electric cars, but these are more than offset by lower emissions in the use phase over time.

Climate 268

Climate Pollution Gasoline-Electric 2017 268

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2010

Toyota introduced the Auris Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) at the 2010 Geneva motor show, marking a significant milestone in Toyota’s planned deployment of the Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain across Toyota’s entire model range by early 2020s. L/100km (62 mpg US), with CO 2 emissions of 89 g/km. liter diesel or gasoline hatchback.

2010 199

2010 Gasoline Toyota Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

JULY 16, 2009

The third phase of a SDG&E multi-year in-use study on plug-in hybrid electric vehicles showed that plug-in hybrids offer significant improvements in gas mileage and reductions in emissions when compared with standard hybrid-electric and gasoline internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline-Electric 186

Gasoline-Electric San Diego Gasoline PHEV 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy 247

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2009

The 2010 Lexus LS 600h hybrid. The blower airflow is reduced when set to “high” and operation of the supplementary electrical heating system is stopped, further cutting the amount of power used. CO 2 emissions are 219 g/km and combined cycle fuel consumption economy remains 9.3 Click to enlarge. L/100km (25.3

LS 600H 199

LS 600H Lexus 2010 Hybrid 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2012

An analysis of the US refining sector, based on linear programming (LP) modeling, finds that refining plausibly high volumes of Canadian oil sands crudes in US refineries in 2025 would lead to a modest increase in refinery CO 2 emissions (ranging between 5.4% to 9.3%) from a 2010 baseline, depending upon the supply scenario.

Oil-Sands 247

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions CO2 247

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 27, 2011

Value of life-cycle emissions externality damages and oil premium costs from vehicles in 2010 $. Strategies to promote adoption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with small battery packs offer more social benefits (i.e., Michalek et al. Click to enlarge. —Michalek et al.

PHEV 186

PHEV Oil Emissions Batteries 186

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2015

million contract by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide testing and analytical services related to vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. Key areas of support include emissions characterization and technology assessment. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has been awarded a five-year, $20.16-million

EPA 150

EPA Emissions Fuel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency selected Dr. James Liao at UCLA as the recipient of the 2010 Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Academic Award for his work in genetically engineering microorganisms to make higher alcohols (those with more than two carbons in the molecule) from glucose or directly from carbon dioxide.

2010 170

2010 Green Los Angeles Carbon 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 8, 2017

As part of the new technology to achieve this vision, the company disclosed plans to introduce a next-generation gasoline engine called SKYACTIV-X in 2019. This new proprietary combustion engine combines the advantages of gasoline and diesel engines to optimize environmental performance, power and acceleration performance.

Mazda 186

Mazda Gasoline Fuel Economy Gasoline-Electric 186

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2016

A new study by consultancy Roland Berger defines an integrated roadmap for European road transport decarbonization to 2030 and beyond; the current regulatory framework for vehicle emissions, carbon intensity of fuels and use of renewable fuels covers only up to 2020/2021. GHG abatement in road transport sector will cost approx.

Transportation 150

Transportation Emissions Fuel Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2017

The four different scenarios differ in terms of new vehicle acquisitions, but are identical in terms of transition rates—set in accordance with the average observed annual rates during 2010–2015. The trend scenario is essentially an extrapolation of the changes in market shares observed between 2010 and 2015. Fridstrøm (2017).

Transportation 150

Transportation Energy Gasoline-Electric Automobile 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

Criteria emissions by drive cycle. Barnitt (2010) Click to enlarge. FedEx has deployed 20 gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (gHEVs) on parcel delivery routes in the Sacramento and Los Angeles areas. As expected, tailpipe emissions were considerably lower across all drive cycles for the gHEV than for the diesel vehicle.

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 28, 2009

Carbon emissions associated with increased exports from China (left), as part of a more systematic view of increased national emissions (right), 2002 to 2005. Researchers from Norway, the United Kingdom, and the United States, estimated in the study that China’s 2005 carbon emissions were 80.59% or more higher than 2002 emissions. “

2002 170

2002 2005 Emissions Carbon 170

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2018

The new Evoque offers a choice of three- and four-cylinder Ingenium gasoline and diesel engines, a 48-volt mild-hybrid system (MHEV) and a 3-cylinder plug-in hybrid system (PHEV). The most popular all-wheel drive, automatic transmission vehicles, come with a choice of four-cylinder Ingenium gasoline and diesel engines.

Land Rover 247

Land Rover Range Volt Plug-in 247

Green Car Congress

MARCH 15, 2013

Adjusted CO 2 emissions and adjusted fuel economy, MY 1975-2011. The report finds that CO 2 emissions rates and fuel economy values reflect a very favorable multi-year trend beginning in MY 2005. The fleet-wide average real world MY 2011 personal vehicle CO 2 emissions value is 398 g/mi and average fuel economy is 22.4

Fuel Economy 284

Fuel Economy 2012 EPA Economy 284

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 19, 2012

Aerodynamic improvements, weight savings and engine enhancements have reduced fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions across the range. Toyota anticipates a 1/3 full hybrid, 1/3 gasoline, 1/3 diesel engine mix. Average emissions for Auris—which is designed for the European market—have fallen steadily over the last years.

Gasoline 252

Gasoline Toyota Diesel Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2012

Comparison of GHGenius, JACOBS, TIAX, and the new PRELIM gasoline greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates using base case estimates and variations from the scenario analysis. Given the magnitude of upstream emissions from the sector, they said, their findings have implications for both policy and mitigation of GHG emissions.

Oil-Sands 236

Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Hydrogen 236

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2010

Renault held a “2010 Environment Workshop” last week to showcase its progress across its range of vehicles’ full lifecycle through the Renault eco² program. Renault’s engineers worked particularly hard on tuning the 85hp and 105hp dCi engines to optimize CO 2 emissions without detracting from performance. Select Engines. dCi engines.

Environment 230

Environment Engine 2010 Parts 230

Green Car Congress

MARCH 9, 2010

CO 2 emissions from the US transport sector, 1990-2008. The draft report of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)’s annual Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2008 shows that in 2008, overall greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions decreased by 2.9% (206.1 Overall, emissions have grown by 13.6%

2008 231

2008 Emissions EPA Transportation 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2020

As part of its Sustainable Zoom-Zoom 2030 long-term technology development program, the company is committed to reducing its average Well-to-Wheel CO 2 emissions to 50% of 2010 levels by 2030, and to 90% by 2050. liter 180ps Skyactiv-X Spark Controlled Compression Ignition (SPCCI) gasoline engine. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Mazda 243

Mazda Lithium Ion Automobile Industry Fuel 243

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

CO 2 emissions from transportation sector by scenario in the study. The dashed blue line is 2005 emissions; the scale on the right shows the percent of 2005 level. Economy-wide CO 2 prices of $30-60/t CO 2 are too weak on their own to motivate significant reductions in CO 2 emissions from transportation. Source: Morrow et al.

Tax Credit 220

Tax Credit Tax Emissions Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2016

A US-wide county-level study comparing lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from several light-duty passenger gasoline and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) has found that PEVs can have larger or smaller carbon footprints than gasoline vehicles depending on regional factors and the specific vehicle models being compared.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Plug-in Prius Plug 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 20, 2014

The Nissan LEAF, the first mass-produced battery-electric vehicle, remains the best-selling EV, with a 45% market share. Since its launch in December 2010 Nissan has seen the pace of sales increase consistently and 2013 was a record year. This year, the e-NV200 all-electric light commercial vehicle will go on sale in Europe and Japan.

Nissan 277

Nissan Global Sale United Kingdom 277

Green Car Congress

MAY 23, 2012

WTW GHG emissions of vehicles across driving patterns and PHEV charging scenarios. Solid portions represent GHG emissions associated with gasoline propulsion. Patterned portions represent GHG emissions associated with electric propulsion. Solid left bar = hydro electricity scenario.) Click to enlarge.

PHEV 210

PHEV C1 Emissions Coal 210