Green Car Congress

AUGUST 7, 2015

Lower crude oil prices and strong demand for petroleum products, primarily gasoline, both in the United States and globally, have led to favorable margins that encourage refinery investment and high refinery runs. Since May 20, Gulf Coast gasoline crack spreads have averaged 17 cents/gal higher than for distillate crack spreads.

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Gasoline 2014 Louisiana Oil 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2019

A modest increase between 2004 and 2008 (from 19.6 A minor increase between 2008 and 2017 (from 21.8 In terms of fuel consumption per distance driven, the change between 1973 (the year of the first oil embargo) and 1991 (from 7.75 In comparison, the change between 2008 and 2017 (from 4.59 mpg for both years). per year.

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Fuel Economy 2017 Economy Light 397

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2013

one of the world leaders in algae-based “Green Crude” oil production, and Phillips 66, an integrated energy manufacturing and logistics company, have entered a strategic joint development agreement aimed at taking production of algae crude oil a significant step toward commercialization. San Diego-based Sapphire Energy, Inc.,

Oil 199

Oil Energy San Diego Columbus 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 27, 2012

The majority (62%) of the plantations were located on the island of Sumatra, and more than two-thirds (69%) of all industrial plantations were developed for oil palm cultivation, with the remainder mostly being Acacia plantations for paper pulp production. Earlier post.).

Oil-Sands 314

Oil-Sands Oil Emissions Climate 314

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2015

The current plunge in oil prices will likely negatively affect plug-in and hybrid vehicle sales in the short term; automakers such as BMW are already warning of lower sales of plug-in vehicles given the market context. Anticipated price of oil and forecast plug-in sales. Lux on the price of oil. Source: Lux Research.

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Plug-in Oil Cheap Plug 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 8, 2011

Total US exports of finished petroleum products have increased more than 60% since 2007 as markets have become more globally integrated, according to the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). This trend is driven primarily by finished motor gasoline and distillate fuel oil which are increasingly exported to Latin America.

2007 273

2007 Global Market Production 273

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2013

Now, researchers at Imperial College London have shown that bioethanol production from bamboo in China is both technically and economically feasible, as well as cost-competitive with gasoline. In 2009, the number of private cars owned in China exceeded the United States, resulting in it being the world’s largest auto market.

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Gasoline China Tax London 351

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2013

The technology also increases corn oil extraction by 13%, while saving 8% energy. A typical US ethanol plant uses around 36 million bushels (900,000 tons) of feed-grade corn per year to produce 100 million gallons of fuel ethanol, 300,000 tons of animal feed (DDGS) and 8,500 tons of corn oil. Avantec was introduced in October 2012.

Oil 186

Oil Energy Chicago Illinois 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 28, 2010

Berhad (SDR) (the research and development division of Sime Darby [SD], the world’s leading palm oil producer), have agreed to build and to operate a demonstration plant to produce cellulosic ethanol from palm oil Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB). SD and MES, with the bioethanol pre-marketing support of Mitsui & Co., Earlier post.).

Oil 186

Oil Malaysia Engine Indonesia 186

Green Car Congress

JUNE 13, 2012

Oil remains the world’s leading fuel, but its 33.1% Coal’s market share of 30.3% Oil demand grew by less than 1%—the slowest rate amongst fossil fuels—while gas grew by 2.2%, and coal was the only fossil fuel with above average annual consumption growth at 5.4% World primary energy consumption grew by 2.5%

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Coal Oil Renewable Saudi Arabia 261

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 17, 2012

In October 2011, the refinery yield of distillate fuels (a category that includes diesel fuel and heating oil) reached 29.7%, matching the previous record set in December 2008, according to figures from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA). However, calculating gasoline yields is slightly more complicated, EIA notes.

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2001 2011 Oil Gasoline 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 1, 2011

” Their analysis is in the context of the “ surprising [oil] demand strength of 2010 “; 2010 saw absolute incremental demand at around 2.2mb/d of growth—the second highest in 30 years, despite oil prices in the $90/bbl region. In the US hybrids fell from about 3% of total sales in 2008-09 to 2.2%

Transportation 250

Transportation Gasoline Lithium Ion Gasoline-Electric 250

Green Car Congress

JULY 25, 2009

BP and Irving Oil will not be moving forward at this time with a proposed second refinery in Saint John, New Brunswick, as a result of global economic and industry conditions. It became clear, particularly over the past year, that the market conditions for refining have changed since BP and Irving Oil entered this memorandum of understanding.

Oil 170

Oil Economy North America 2006 170

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

For 2008, the EIA reported a 3.2% decrease in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels in 2008. Although little change in CO 2 emissions from motor gasoline is expected in 2009, CO 2 emissions from other transportation petroleum fuels, particularly jet fuel (a 9.8% decline in consumption), distillate fuel oil (an 8.2%

2009 220

2009 Emissions Gasoline Coal 220

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2013

The US Department of State (DOS) has released its Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) in response to TransCanada’s May 2012 application for the Keystone XL pipeline that would run from Canada’s oils sands in Alberta to Nebraska. The pipeline would primarily transport crude oil from the WCSB and Bakken regions.

Climate Change 250

Climate Change Oil-Sands Nebraska Climate 250

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 11, 2009

The cleantech market intelligence firm forecasts that the number of NGVs on the road worldwide will grow to 17 million vehicles by 2015, up from 9.7 million in 2008. Globally, Pike Research forecasts that the NGV market will grow at a CAGR of 5.5% The reasons for NGV market growth vary for each country, according.

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2015 Gas Fleet Global 268

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Theta II GDI, its first Gasoline Direct Injection engine before an audience of engineers attending the Ninth Annual Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference in Korea. kg·m@4250rpm (184 lb-ft/250 N·m) in its Korean domestic market specification. Hyundai Motor Company unveiled the 2.4 Hyundai had shown a 2.0-liter

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Hyundai Gasoline Engine Production 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 13, 2014

Current products include gas oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, and petroleum coke. Although the existing refinery has a maximum rated crude processing capacity of 70,000 bpd, due to a 2008 bankruptcy of the prior owner, crude oil refining was temporarily suspended. the routes over which the crude oil will be transported.

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USA Light Oil United States 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 2, 2010

India sugar mills have committed to supplying one billion liters (264 million gallons US) of ethanol to oil marketing companies for blending with gasoline during the next sugar year, starting in October. “In

India 199

India Industrial Industry 2006 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

While compressed natural gas (CNG) will play a role, particularly for high-mileage fleets, the report suggests that the chemical conversion of gas into some form of liquid fuel may be the best pathway to significant market penetration. emissions are reduced by around 25% relative to the use of gasoline for the same engine efficiency.

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MIT Gas Transportation Future 299

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

million in 2008. Pike Research forecasts that the NGV market will grow globally at a CAGR of 5.5% The top five markets for NGVs are currently Pakistan, Argentina, Brazil, Iran, and India. Pike Research anticipates India will be the fastest-growing NGV market with a CAGR of 18.4% between 2008 and 2015. Availability.

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2015 Gas Vehicles Pakistan 170

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2009

To reduce fuel consumption, AMG is shortly to introduce efficiency-increasing engine-generator management as well as regulated oil and water pumps. From 2010 AMG will equip its vehicles with direct gasoline injection engines and with a stop-start function. Germany came in second place (13%), followed by Japan (8%).

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2012 Mercedes Fuel 2008 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

The PHEV-10, similar to the Prius Plug-In ( earlier post ) has a larger battery pack than an HEV to allow 10 miles of driving powered by electricity only and a gasoline engine that drives the wheels in parallel with the electric motor when power demand is high or the batteries are discharged. Click to enlarge.

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Plug-in Plug PHEV Hybrid 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 11, 2014

This facility will also co-produce renewable jet at commercial scale and a byproduct chemical and gasoline component. This includes non-food sources of transportation feedstocks that can be grown on marginal lands and with minimal water, such as camelina oil. The co-produced renewable jet fuels are from naturally occurring oils.

Renewable 246

Renewable Grant Diesel California 246

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

The oil price shocks of the 1970s led the Brazilian government to address the strain high prices were placing on its fragile economy. Brazil, the largest and most populous country in South America, was importing 80% of its oil and 40% of its foreign exchange was used to pay for that imported oil.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2012

Comparison of GHGenius, JACOBS, TIAX, and the new PRELIM gasoline greenhouse gas (GHG) estimates using base case estimates and variations from the scenario analysis. This industry faces difficult investment decisions due to the shift toward “heavier” crude in the market, both domestic and imported. Credit: ACS, Abella and Bergerson.

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Oil-Sands Emissions Oil Hydrogen 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2015

By 2030, the study concludes, low-carbon fuels could replace more than a quarter of the gasoline and diesel used by vehicles in the Pacific Coast region by 2030, with a reduction in the overall carbon intensity of on-road transportation fuels of 14%–21%. Oregon and Washington are both working toward the adoption of Clean Fuels Standards.

Carbon 150

Carbon Fuel Available Transportation 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 11, 2010

The new Focus will be one of up to 10 unique models to be built from Ford’s new global C-car platform, which is expected to generate total sales in all regions of 2 million units annually by 2012—a doubling Ford’s 2008 C-car volumes. Earlier post.). For the NAIAS preview, Ford is showing a completely new 2.0-liter

Ford 199

Ford Engine Global Market 199

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 30, 2009

Gevo’s biobutanol can be blended directly into gasoline. Gevo’s technology also enables using the biobutanol for the production of renewable hydrocarbons such as isooctene and isooctane for the gasoline market, renewable jet fuel and renewable diesel blendstocks. ICM’s pilot plant at St. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

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Companies Renewable Gasoline 2009 246

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 2, 2009

Novozymes and its Chinese partner COFCO have entered a new partnership with major Chinese oil and energy company Sinopec to develop a commercial-scale process for producing cellulosic bioethanol from corn stover. Sinopec is the world’s third-largest oil refiner. China is the second-largest corn producer in the world, behind the US.

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China Oil 2009 Chinese 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 28, 2009

Oil and gas major Total has invested an undisclosed amount in the series D round of advanced biofuels company Gevo. Gevo’s technology enables the cost-effective, practical production of renewable hydrocarbons such as isooctene and isooctane for the gasoline market, renewable jet fuel and renewable diesel blendstocks.

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Renewable Companies Missouri Low Cost 210

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2009

BASF Catalysts has introduced a proprietary new technology that enables petroleum refiners to utilize their current gasoline-oriented fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) units to meet the increased global demand for diesel fuel. Joe McLean, Global Marketing Manager for refining catalysts at BASF Catalysts. —Joe

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Diesel Conversion Gasoline 2008 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 17, 2010

The study offers two main insights on the nature of clean energy jobs in the automobile sector: First, the paper documents that saving oil will directly create good jobs by driving demand for specific additional manufactured components. By 2020, the US job gain relative to 2008 could be as little as 49,000 or more than 150,000.

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Clean Cleaning Climate Fuel Economy 186

Green Car Congress

MAY 17, 2012

Growth Energy, an ethanol industry trade group, petitioned the EPA in March 2009 to raise the limit on ethanol in gasoline from 10 to 15 percent. In June 2008, EPA outlined testing needed for the agency to approve a waiver, and EPA requirements were consistent with test plans developed by the auto and oil industries.

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2001 2009 Engine Industrial 199

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

The study— Analysis of Policies to Reduce Oil Consumption and Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from the US Transportation Sector —finds that reducing CO 2 emissions from the transportation sector 14% below 2005 levels by 2020 may require fuel prices above $8/gallon by 2020. million barrels per day, relative to 2008 levels.

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Tax Credit Tax Emissions Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 6, 2010

The bill mandated ambitious production targets of 9 billion gallons of biofuels a year in 2008, rising to 36 billion gallons a year by 2022. Rather, it is uncertain whether existing biofuels production provides any beneficial improvement over traditional gasoline, after taking into account land use changes and emissions of nitrous oxide.

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Universal Congress Gasoline United States 257