Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Shell has developed a lead-free replacement for aviation gasoline (Avgas 100 and 100LL); the replacement fuel will now begin a strict regulatory approvals process. Leaded gasoline for automobiles was phased out of use in the US by 1995 due to its environmental and health impact.) Shell is the first major oil company to do so.

Gasoline 246

Gasoline EPA Emissions Fuel 246

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2009

Energy-related CO 2 emissions declined by 2.8% US carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels decreased by 2.8% in 2008 to 5,802 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (MMTCO 2 ), down from 5,967 MMTCO 2 in 2007, according to preliminary estimates released by the Energy Information Administration (EIA). Source: EIA. Source: EIA.

2008 150

2008 Emissions Carbon Transportation 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 7, 2010

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates in the April 2010 release of its Short-Term Energy and Summer Fuels Outlook that CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels, which declined by 6.6% However, even with increases in 2010 and 2011, projected CO 2 emissions in 2011 are lower than annual emissions from 1999 through 2008.

2008 186

2008 2010 Emissions Fuel 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 12, 2009

US CO 2 emissions growth. In its current version of the Short Term Energy Outlook ( STEO ), the US Energy Information Administration projects a 5% decline in fossil-fuel-based CO 2 emissions in 2009. For 2008, the EIA reported a 3.2% decrease in CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels in 2008. Source: EIA STEO.

2009 220

2009 Emissions Gasoline Coal 220

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2009

UK average new car CO 2 emissions. Average CO 2 emissions from new cars sold in the UK in 2008 fell to 158.0 g/km in 2008—4.2% mpg US for gasoline and 39.9 Although the UK new car fleet has made above-EU15 gains in six of past seven years to 2007, the UK average new car CO 2 emissions remains 3.7%

2008 150

2008 Emissions CO2 2007 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 22, 2010

The increasing contribution of lead from avgas to the total inventory of lead emissions. The total lead inventory for 2008 will be available in 2010. EPA has issued an Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPR) on lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft using leaded aviation gasoline (avgas). Source: EPA.

EPA 199

EPA Gasoline Emissions 2008 199

Green Car Congress

MAY 25, 2010

Fuel-cycle SO 2 emissions of EVs compared to those of gasoline ICEVs and HEVs in China, current (left) and future (right). The vehicle population in China was about 63 million by 2008, and it is projected to be 550-730 million by 2050, 38-83% higher than that of the US in 2050. and NO x emissions. Credit: ACS, Huo et al.

Coal 291

Coal Gasoline-Electric Gasoline Pollution 291

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2009

Global CO 2 emissions from fuel use and cement production by region. Emissions increased by 1.7% in 2008, against 3.3% Global CO2 emissions increased from 15.3 billion tonnes in 2008. Moreover, had 2008 not been a leap year—giving it an extra day—fuel consumption and emissions would have been even 0.3

2008 170

2008 Oil Renewable Emissions 170

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 3, 2023

California’s Truck and Bus regulation ( earlier post ) has been in effect since December 2008, with the purpose of reducing emissions of diesel particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) and other criteria pollutants from in-use diesel-fueled vehicles. Public agency and utility vehicles (not federal).

California 210

California Diesel Engine Alternative Fuels 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Jakober, 2008). There was no significant difference in the profiles of total carbonyl emissions between CFT and DF. However, the use of CFT resulted in a remarkable reduction in carbonyl emissions in comparison with using DF. Kleeman (2008) “Carbonyl Emissions from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles,”.

Coal 210

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2020

The gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine is one of the most prominent technologies car manufacturers adopted to achieve the fuel economy and carbon dioxide emission goals established in 2012 by the US Environmental Protection Agency. in model year 2008 to 51% in model year 2018. The EPA projects 93% of vehicles in the U.S.

Climate 348

Climate Carbon Engine Fuel Economy 348

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 12, 2016

The new additions will support the company’s long-term commitment to reduce vehicle emissions and improve fuel economy across its range through the introduction of more efficient engines along with alternative powertrains, lighter vehicles and improved vehicle energy conservation. billion) Engine Manufacturing Centre.

Land Rover 150

Land Rover Gasoline Engine Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2014

Peugeot is introducing new Euro 6-compliant versions of its three-cylinder PureTech gasoline and four-cylinder BlueHDI diesel engines. The introduction of the new engines has reduced the average weighted CO 2 emissions of Peugeot’s European range to 111.2 mpg US) respectively, delivering CO 2 emissions of just 82 and 85 g/km.

Gasoline 225

Gasoline Diesel Engine MPG 225

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 24, 2013

Xinhua reports that Beijing plans to implement the China V emission standard—similar to Euro V—starting next month in an effort to reduce the city’s air pollution. Sales of substandard gasoline cars are to be stopped as of 1 March. Earlier post.). As of 1 Feb.,

Standards 218

Standards China Emissions 2008 218

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 24, 2016

Researchers at MIT have produced the first assessment of the annual costs of IQ losses from aircraft lead emissions in the US. Lead emissions from general aviation (GA) piston-driven aircraft are attributable to the addition of tetraethyl lead (TEL) for the formation of aviation gasoline (avgas). … Credit: ACS, Wolfe et al.

MIT 150

MIT Emissions Fuel EPA 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 10, 2014

Operating range of 2-stroke CAI fueled with gasoline, E10 and E85. homogeneous charge compression ignition, HCCI) combustion processes offer the promise of simultaneously reducing fuel consumption and NO x emissions. Zhang et al. 2013a) Click to enlarge. Controlled autoignition (e.g., Controlled autoignition (e.g.,

Gasoline 186

Gasoline Engine Exhaust Fuel 186

Baua Electric

MAY 20, 2023

fleet since 2008, S&P mentioned, and continues a longer-term pattern: In 2003, the typical fleet future stood at 9.7 fleet is that, even though automakers have been to stop production inner combustion-powered automobiles nowadays, it may well be many years sooner than the giant majority of gasoline-fueled mild automobiles are retired.

Fleet 52

Fleet Emissions Automobile 2003 52

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2013

Now, researchers at Imperial College London have shown that bioethanol production from bamboo in China is both technically and economically feasible, as well as cost-competitive with gasoline. million tons in 2008. An open access paper on their study is published in Biotechnology for Biofuels. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 351

Gasoline China Tax London 351

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2010

Factors contributing to the 7% drop in emissions in 2009. While emissions have declined in three out of the last four years, EIA noted, 2009 was “ exceptional ”. between 2008 and 2009. from 2008 to 2009 while the comparable price of natural gas fell 48% on a per Btu basis. Emissions by end-use sector, 2008 and 2009.

2009 239

2009 Emissions Carbon Transportation 239

Green Car Congress

JUNE 12, 2010

Criteria emissions by drive cycle. FedEx has deployed 20 gasoline hybrid electric vehicles (gHEVs) on parcel delivery routes in the Sacramento and Los Angeles areas. The goal of the ReFUEL testing was to quantify the reduction in emissions realized with the gHEV and to compare the fuel economy of a gHEV and a diesel vehicle.

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 9, 2012

In California’s Los Angeles Basin, levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollutants have decreased by about 98% since the 1960s, even as area residents now burn approximately three times as much gasoline and diesel fuel. This indicates that the main VOC source in the LA basin is likely gasoline vehicle emission.

Los Angeles 285

Los Angeles Gasoline Ozone 2002 285

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2011

VMT rose slightly in 2009 while emissions from gasoline and diesel fuel declined, a result EIA attributes as a likely result of more efficient vehicles and increased consumption of biofuels. Total US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions were 6,576 million metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO 2 e) in 2009, a decrease of 5.8%

2009 199

2009 Emissions Transportation Miles 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

At the same time, per capita emissions in the state decreased by 12%. On an absolute basis, California’s total GHG emissions fell only slightly in 2015, down 0.34% from 2014. The California Green Innovation Index has tracked key economic and environmental indicators at the regional, state, national and international level since 2008.

California 150

California Light Emissions Climate 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 29, 2010

A recent study by the Center for Integrated Manufacturing Studies at Rochester Institute of Technology indicates that the use of E20 fuel (20% ethanol, 80% gasoline), reduces tailpipe emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, compared with conventional gasoline or E10 blends.

Automobile 199

Automobile Emissions Gasoline 2008 199

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2014

liter PureTech e-THP three-cylinder turbocharged gasoline engines and new BlueHDi diesel emissions technology, to appear on several versions of PEUGEOT 308, 308 SW and 508—at the forthcoming Geneva Motor Show. CO 2 emissions are as low as 88g/km. The Peugeot 108. liter VTi 68bhp and 1.2-liter of particulates. HYbrid Air.

Engine 262

Engine Hybrid 2008 Gasoline-Electric 262

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2018

EPA recently released the latest edition of its annual report Light-Duty Automotive Technology, Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Fuel Economy Trends. The report is the authoritative reference for real-world fuel economy, technology trends and tailpipe carbon dioxide emissions, for new personal vehicles sold in the US every year since 1975.

Fuel Economy 261

Fuel Economy Economy EPA Fuel 261

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2011

The refreshed 2012 Mazda3, making its debut at the 2011 Canadian International AutoShow, will offer the option of Mazda’s new SKYACTIV-G gasoline engine and SKYACTIV-Drive automatic transmission ( earlier post ) when it is launched later this fall. SKYACTIV-G gasoline direct injection engine. 2012 Mazda3. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 186

Gasoline 2012 Engine Mazda 186

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 16, 2012

The new Peugeot 208 B-segment supermini, which launches this spring in Europe, will be available in 3- and 5-door bodystyles with a range of gasoline and diesel engines including a new 3-cylinder gasoline engine range and the latest generation of Stop & Start System (e-HDi) diesel engines. 208 gasoline range. 208 gasoline range.

Gasoline 236

Gasoline Diesel Engine France 236

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 25, 2015

million contract by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to provide testing and analytical services related to vehicle emissions and fuel consumption. Key areas of support include emissions characterization and technology assessment. Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) has been awarded a five-year, $20.16-million

EPA 150

EPA Emissions Fuel Fuel Economy 150

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 17, 2009

Theta II GDI, its first Gasoline Direct Injection engine before an audience of engineers attending the Ninth Annual Hyundai-Kia International Powertrain Conference in Korea. GDI application will subsequently be expanded across the gasoline engine family and applied to other Hyundai models. Theta II GDI. Click to enlarge.

Gasoline 210

Gasoline Hyundai Engine Production 210

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2018

In 1978, a Clean Air Act waiver allowed the use of 10 volume percent ethanol in gasoline (E10). Today, almost all gasoline are E10 blends. In June 2011, EPA approved a partial waiver for blends of 15 vol% ethanol in gasoline for use in model year 2001 and newer passenger cars, light-trucks and medium-duty vehicles.

EPA 236

EPA Available Gasoline 2019 236

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2012

The final report shows overall emissions in 2010 increased by 3.2% Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2010 were equivalent to 6,822 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. The report indicates that overall emissions have grown by more than 10% from 1990 to 2010. for 27% of US GHG emissions in 2010.

2010 252

2010 EPA Transportation Emissions 252

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2012

Called the Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Cost Calculator, the new tool is designed to help fleet customers understand their current carbon footprint and to model various scenarios based on the types of vehicles they choose for their fleets. in 2008 to 53.7% in 2011, even as new competitors entered the market.

Ford 225

Ford Emissions Diesel Engine 225

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2009

Some of the best passenger vehicles today, the ones called PZEVs, are pretty close to zero emissions. Under California’s vehicle emissions ratings, PZEVs (Partial Zero Emission Vehicles) meet SULEV (Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle) tailpipe emission standards and also have zero evaporative emissions.

Gasoline 150

Gasoline Diesel Engine Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 14, 2014

2 Production ceased in 2008 and production of a new model started in 2011. *3 4 Crown Royal production ceased in 2003, Crown Sedan production ceased in 2008. Toyota will continue augmenting its hybrid lineup and increasing the number of countries and regions where it sells hybrid vehicles. Cumulative sales of all TMC hybrid models. *2

Prius 246

Prius Toyota Hybrid Sale 246

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2014

liter turbo gasoline engine ( earlier post ), producing 130 bhp (97 kW). liter e-THP 130 turbo gasoline engine with a manual six-speed gearbox was driven for more than 32 hours to consume the 51.4-liter l/100 km) and CO 2 emissions of 107 g/km. mpg US and lowest CO 2 sector emissions of just 82g/km. mpg US (2.85

Engine 220

Engine Fuel Fuel Economy MPG 220

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

According to a report from the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), US energy-related CO 2 emissions decreased by 146 million metric tons (MMmt) in 2015 to 5,259 MMmt, down 2.7% Energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2015 were about 12% below 2005 levels. —“US Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2015”.

2015 150

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy 150