Diesel, Exhaust, Light and Universal

Ricardo: achieving light-duty diesel RDE NOx compliance in urban driving is possible, at a price

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2016

Future RDE emissions legislation and fleet average CO 2 targets represent a challenge for automakers wishing to provide cost-effective light duty diesel vehicles. liter diesel engine. Diesel C-segment CO 2 emissions by a further 15-20 percent, and showing a clear pathway to 70g/km. Click to enlarge.

Light

Light Diesel Price Exhaust

Study finds engines emit exhaust nanoparticles even when not fueled during engine braking

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 19, 2014

Exhaust particle size distributions measured by ELPI (color map) and particle concentration measured by CPC (white line) during individual engine braking conditions (speed change from 32 km/h to 0 km/h). The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold. The exhaust sample was taken from the exhaust manifold.

Exhaust

Exhaust Engine Fuel Greece

Study finds PM from biodiesel blends may be 50-80% less toxic per unit PM mass than from petroleum diesel

Green Car Congress

JULY 15, 2017

In a study published in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels , a team from the University of Vermont reports that particulate matter from the combustion of biodiesel blends may be 50–80% less toxic per unit PM mass emitted than PM from petroleum diesel, depending on feedstock. PM-normalized DTT Activity for biodiesel exhaust PM.

B0

B0 Diesel Exhaust Vermont

ICCT-sponsored study of in-use testing of 3 Tier2-Bin5, CA LEV-II light-duty diesels finds wide variation of emissions against the limits

Green Car Congress

JUNE 2, 2014

In-use testing of three light duty diesel vehicles—certified to US-EPA Tier2-Bin5 and California LEV-II ULEV emissions limits— found a wide variation in real world emissions performance relative to the regulatory limits. diesels and one 3.0L diesel) over pre-defined test routes exhibiting diverse driving conditions.

Diesel

Diesel Emissions Light Los Angeles

SwRI opens new automotive catalyst technology center

Green Car Congress

MAY 19, 2020

Southwest Research Institute has launched a new automotive emissions aftertreatment catalyst testing facility, expanding the capacity and capabilities of its Universal Synthetic Gas Reactor (USGR) technology. These systems simulate real-world exhaust gas conditions to characterize catalyst performance quickly and accurately.

Exhaust

Exhaust Gas Universal Diesel

Light duty RCCI can deliver engine-out Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx; potential for 52% gross indicated efficiency

Green Car Congress

JUNE 29, 2013

Rolf Reitz of the University of Wisconsin found that reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) ( earlier post ) in a light-duty engine can meet Tier 2 Bin 5 NO x levels without aftertreatment, while offering a 4% improvement in fuel consumption and 7.3% Earlier post.). —Kokjohn and Reitz. Sage L Kokjohn and Rolf D.

Light

Light Engine Wisconsin Fuel Economy

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Green Car Congress

MAY 29, 2014

Other research has shown that carbonyls directly influence physiological response to diesel exhaust particles and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. Kleeman (2008) “Carbonyl Emissions from Gasoline and Diesel Motor Vehicles,”. Jakober, 2008). 133:115–122, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.05.025. 2014.05.025.

Coal

Coal Diesel Emissions Fuel

Study shows renewable diesel from crude tall oil is a high quality drop-in fuel for off-road engines

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 20, 2016

A team from the University of Vaasa (Finland) and UPM-Kymmene Corporation has examined how the blends of fossil and renewable diesel produced from crude tall oil (CTO) affect the performance and exhaust emissions of the modern common-rail off-road diesel engine. Earlier post.). Neat HB was also studied.

Renewable

Renewable Diesel Oil Engine

Empa recommends buying diesel vehicles only if Euro 6d-TEMP or Euro 6d

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2017

These will plug the gaps in the existing legislation and will help to ensure that diesel vehicles in particular become considerably cleaner as regards their NO x emissions. million with diesel engines were registered in Switzerland. However, the new regulations also permit existing vehicles to continue to be sold for some time.

Diesel

Diesel Buy Vehicles Exhaust

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Green Car Congress

MAY 24, 2017

Based on a three-year study of toxic and environmentally relevant pollutants from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines, Swiss researchers have concluded that some GDI engines emit just as many soot particles as unfiltered diesel cars did in the past. By contrast, diesel cars with particle filters exceeded the limit only 45-fold.

Engine

Engine Exhaust Gasoline Diesel

Ricardo to display functional integration prototype of ADEPT 48V “intelligent electrification” diesel

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2014

Ricardo will display the first functional integration prototype of the Advanced Diesel Electric Powertrain (ADEPT) collaborative research project ( earlier post ) in public for the first time this week at the Low Carbon Vehicle Event (LCV 2014) in the UK. 48V Diesel Fuel Efficiency' ADEPT schematic. Click to enlarge.

Diesel

Diesel Downsizing Lead Acid Gasoline-Electric

Cummins progressing with lightweight downsized T2B2 diesel for pickup; 40% improvement in fuel economy over gasoline V8

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2014

The approach that Cummins and partners have taken features: Replacing the aluminium V8 gasoline engine and emission control system with smaller diesel (2.8-liter) diesel weighs 362 lbs (164 kg), while the ECS weighs 152 lbs (69 kg). Exhaust system configuration. Diesel Emissions Engines Fuel Efficiency' Earlier post.).

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Gasoline Downsizing

ORNL study finds multi-mode RCCI can offer 15%+ fuel economy improvements across multiple light-duty driving cycles

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 5, 2015

Among their findings were that multi-mode RCCI has the potential to offer greater than 15% fuel economy improvement over a 2009 gasoline PFI baseline over many light-duty driving cycles, despite the lack of complete drive cycle coverage for RCCI mode. Their paper is published in the International Journal of Engine Research. RCCI background.

Fuel Economy

Fuel Economy Economy Light Fuel

Study finds biodiesel blend reduces total particle mass in emissions but may have greater adverse health effect per mass than diesel

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 10, 2013

liter Volkswagen light-duty diesel engine and Klam dynamometer running at various throttle and brake settings over a 9-mode steady-state cycle to enable triplicate time-resolved measurement of particle number distributions with a scanning mobility particle sizer. In the experiments, they used a 4-cylinder, 1.9-liter

B0

B0 Diesel Emissions Exhaust

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 27, 2013

Based on on-road measurements in their study, a team from the University of California Berkeley has estimated that, as of 2010, light-duty (LD) gasoline vehicles were responsible for 85% of CO; 18% of NO x ; 18% of organic aerosol (OA); and 6% of black carbon (BC) emissions from on-road motor vehicles in the United States.

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Diesel San Francisco

Faurecia acquires Amminex to accelerate efficient NOx reduction for passenger and commercial vehicles

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 14, 2016

Amminex has developed an Ammonia Storage and Delivery System (ASDS) which has demonstrated its efficiency to almost completely eliminate nitrogen oxide (NO x ) pollutants from diesel engines. Conventional dosing technology is based on spraying an aqueous urea solution (diesel exhaust fluid, DEF) into the exhaust stream.

Commercial

Commercial Exhaust Vehicles Diesel

NYSERDA awards $4.6M to 17 transportation projects; support for Syracuse U supercritical diesel injection project

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 9, 2011

Among the awards is support for a Syracuse University (with BorgWarner of Ithaca) project to prepare, inject and combust supercritical (SC) diesel fuel. Salt Point) is working on a diesel additive that would increase fuel efficiency by reducing engine friction. Earlier post.). The NYSERDA funding will leverage $7.5

Diesel

Diesel Transportation New York Pollution

Study finds ethanol blending appears to reduce significantly genotoxic emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicles

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 24, 2016

A research team from Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology) and the University of Applied Sciences Bern, Laboratory for Exhaust Emission Control, reports that ethanol blending appeared to reduce genotoxic emissions from a flex-fuel Euro-5 gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle (a Volvo V60 with a 1.6

Gasoline

Gasoline Emissions Exhaust Vehicles

Study finds use of high cetane fuel reduces all primary pollutants under advanced diesel combustion mode

Green Car Congress

APRIL 24, 2011

Comparison of optimized start of injection of advanced diesel combustion for brake thermal efficiency, NO x , PM, THC, and CO of diesel (open bar); HTFT (gray bar); and LTFT (black bar) fuels. THC and CO as well as NO x and PM—according to research by a team from The Pennsylvania State University. Click to enlarge.

Diesel

Diesel Pollution Fuel Emissions

Achates Power wins $9M from ARPA-E to develop gasoline compression ignition medium-duty multi-cylinder opposed-piston engine

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2015

The unthrottled nature of the compression ignition process provides high engine efficiency while achieving compliant exhaust emissions with conventional, low-cost aftertreatment. Although Achates’s work to date has been with diesel, its fundamental approach is suited for advanced combustion regimes using other fuels as well.

Gasoline

Gasoline Engine Power Powered

DOE awards nearly $55M to advance fuel efficient vehicle technologies in support of EV Everywhere and SuperTruck

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 18, 2015

Building on the SuperTruck activity, other projects aim at developing enabling technologies to improve the efficiency of heavy-duty diesel engines. Ultra-Light Door Design, Manufacturing and Demonstration (Area of Interest 2). Clemson University. The Curators of The University of Missouri. Description. Federal funding.

Fuel

Fuel Carbon Fiber Lithium Ion Vehicles

Study finds E20 offers higher peak load capacity and thermal efficiency than gasoline in RCCI combustion

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 8, 2016

The process involves introduction of a low reactivity fuel into the cylinder to create a well-mixed charge of low reactivity fuel, air and recirculated exhaust gases. Both biofuels offered faster transient response to recover the CA50 to the steady-state CA50 value than gasoline or ultra-low sulfur diesel.

Gasoline

Gasoline Wisconsin Exhaust Emissions

U Toronto study measures GDI emissions in urban near-road environment

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2016

In four campaigns over the year-long study, the team from the University of Toronto measured emissions 15 meters from the roadway, then converted the measurements to fuel-based emission factors (EFs). Hence, GDI PM mass loadings and chemical composition may vary depending on the measurement environment or exhaust conditioning.

Environment

Environment Emissions Exhaust 2014

Ricardo advancing with two novel heavy-duty vehicle technologies: cryogenic split-cycle engine and microwave fuel reforming

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 4, 2013

The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Recuperator to transfer heat from exhaust gas to compressed air. The concept of the Ricardo Split-Cycle engine. Source: Neville Jackson. Click to enlarge.

Engine

Engine Fuel Vehicles Waste

Cummins CTO John Wall receives California’s premier air quality award

Green Car Congress

JUNE 26, 2015

John Wall, Vice President and Chief Technical Officer of diesel engine manufacturer Cummins Inc., The Cummins CTO has consistently taken a proactive environmentally conscious position for the diesel industry throughout his career, ARB said. Smith, professor of global environmental health, University of California Berkeley.

Climate Change

Climate Change Pollution Climate Ozone

Ricardo and Univ. of Brighton working on advanced combustion system for heavy-duty vehicles; CoolR features recuperated split-cycle with isothermal compression using cryogenic injection

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

The recuperated engine uses isothermal compression via cryogenic injection to enable significant exhaust to compressed gas heat transfer. Ricardo and the University of Brighton will model and evaluate an advanced split-cycle combustion system aimed at substantially reducing the carbon emissions of heavy-duty vehicles.

Exhaust

Exhaust Concept Vehicles Engine

FedEx adds 1,900 new lightweight composite Reach vans to fleet; 35% fuel efficiency improvement

Green Car Congress

JUNE 24, 2013

liter Isuzu diesel engine, demonstrates a 35% fuel efficiency improvement over traditional vehicles in the FedEx Express fleet. The Reach van, with its four-cylinder, 3.0-liter Argonne will collect the electric energy consumption of the vehicles to help determine the total cost of operating an electric vehicle fleet.

Fleet

Fleet Fuel New York City Isuzu

Researchers develop alkali- and sulfur-resistant tungsten-based catalysts for SCR NOx control

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2015

Researchers at Fudan University, with colleagues at the University of Jinan and Chongqing University, have developed alkali- and sulfur-resistant tungsten-based catalysts for SCR NO x emissions control. Na and K) and alkaline earth metals impurities in a light-duty application. Williams, A., McCormick, R.,

2013

2013 2015 Universal Emissions

ARPA-E awards $32M to 10 new projects to improve connected and automated vehicle efficiency

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 3, 2016

Michigan Technological University. The Ohio State University. The Pennsylvania State University. Purdue University. The GM team draws on experience in engine technologies and connected and autonomous vehicles to expedite the project development process. 5,000,000.

Connect

Connect Connected Vehicles Universal

CPT and Eminox to collaborate on development of retrofit electric supercharging and aftertreatment solutions for heavy-duty vehicles

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2015

Having better control over the combustion process reduces the emission load on the exhaust aftertreatment systems. Eminox SCRT technology can significantly reduce harmful diesel exhaust gases, particularly in urban operating conditions. Earlier post.)

Vehicles

Vehicles Exhaust Emissions Diesel

Government of Canada investing $6.5M in five next-generation auto R&D projects; total project value of $16M

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2011

These university-industry partnerships will receive more than C$16 million (US$16.4 Partners: Simon Fraser University and Future Vehicle Technologies Inc. This project builds on an existing collaboration between Simon Fraser University and Future Vehicle Technologies Inc. million) in total project support. This includes C$6.5

Canada

Canada Auto Universal Convert

Achates Power awarded $14M military single-cylinder engine project; partnering with Cummins

Green Car Congress

MARCH 31, 2015

With this latest contract, Achates has six concurrent customers whose contracts encompass five different engine applications: passenger vehicle, light commercial vehicle, heavy commercial vehicle, military and marine/stationary power. Diesel Engines Fuel Efficiency' In December 2012, TARDEC had awarded Achates Power, Inc.

Engine

Engine Power Powered 2015

DOE to award up to $137M for SuperTruck II, Vehicle Technology Office programs

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 16, 2016

Ohio State University. Iowa State University. University of Pittsburgh. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Develop new coating and adhesives that enable carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic/aluminum closure panels and validate corrosion testing methods. Description. Federal funding. 1,077,074.

Vehicles

Vehicles Plug-in Lithium Ion Universal

California ARB releases three studies showing fine particle pollution a threat to cardiovascular health

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2011

or fine-particulate matter, is exhaust from vehicles, especially from diesel engines. ARB’s proposed Advanced Clean Cars rules package would further crack down on particulate matter emissions from light-duty vehicles. Like the University of California, Berkeley study, Dr. Lipsett found that exposure to PM 2.5

Pollution

Pollution California 2011 Davis

CPT Brings TIGERS Technology to VIPER Project for Enhanced Energy Recovery

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 23, 2010

can be achieved over a broad range of vehicles in part by optimizing the control of heat energy from conventional gasoline and diesel engines. Other consortium members include Ford, IAV, BP, University of Nottingham and Imperial College London. The new VIPER project aims to show how a reduction in CO 2 emissions of 4.5%

Energy

Energy Land Rover Volt Gasoline-Electric

China and Norway Lead the World’s EV Switchover

Cars That Think

MARCH 16, 2024

Early government investment in charging infrastructure went a long way toward soothing the range anxiety that made car buyers in other places reluctant to make the switch to battery power from gasoline or diesel. Rapson, a professor at the University of California, Davis. “If degrees C (2.7 degrees F).”

Norway

Norway China Iceland Canada

DOE Announces Up to $13M in Funding for Six Advanced Combustion and Emissions Controls RD Projects

Green Car Congress

MAY 4, 2009

The US Department of Energy (DOE) selected six cost-shared University Advanced Combustion and Emissions Controls research and development projects totaling up to $13 million in DOE funding, subject to annual appropriations. The following projects were selected for award negotiation and will be cost shared at a minimum of 20%.

Emissions

Emissions Wisconsin Michigan Houston

US DOE awards more than $175M to 40 projects for advanced vehicle research and development

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 10, 2011

This project will optimize fuel-based control of novel combustion strategies in light- and heavy-duty vehicles to enable diesel-like efficiencies with ultra-low engine-out emissions. Light-weighting materials. Demo Project for Multi-material light-weight prototype vehicle. The Pennsylvania State University.

Carbon Fiber

Carbon Fiber Lithium Ion Li-ion Vehicles

Calls for an international 48V electrical standard for vehicles; looming WLTP implementation

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2014

the Worldwide harmonized Light vehicles Test Procedures (WLTP). Until we have a really significant breakthrough with battery chemistry or fuel-cell technology, the high voltage approach to hybridization and pure battery electric vehicles will remain too expensive for universal application across high volume vehicle platforms.

Standards

Standards International Vehicles Hybrid

New combustion system for ethanol/octanol dual fuel combination reduces soot, increases efficiency

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2023

A team at RWTH Aachen University in Germany has proposed a Molecularly-Controlled high swirl Combustion system (MCC) which involves dual direct injection of a low- and a high-reactivity fuel in combination with lean relative air-fuel-ratios, high compression ratio, and compression ignition. —Honecker et al.

Fuel

Fuel Diesel Exhaust Emissions

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

A new study led by researchers at the University of Michigan compared regulated and unregulated emissions from both light-duty passenger car (1.7 L) diesel engines at idle and load, using a biodiesel blend (B20) and conventional ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Credit: ACS, Chin et al. Click to enlarge.

Pollution

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Jacobson at Stanford University. Soot—black and brown particles that absorb solar radiation—comes from two types of sources: fossil fuels such as diesel, coal, gasoline, jet fuel; and solid biofuels such as wood, manure, dung, and other solid biomass used for home heating and cooking around the world. Dessler et al.,

Global

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution

National Academies release third review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 14, 2015

These projects have brought together a wide variety of companies, the national laboratories, and universities. The fundamental diesel engine research program pursuing advanced technologies and combustion processes and engine architectures to achieve 55 percent BTE should continue to be a focus of the 21CTP engine activities.

MPG

MPG Miles 2009 Fuel

U Toronto team assess the climate trade-off between reduced CO2 and increased Black Carbon from GDI engines

Green Car Congress

JULY 14, 2016

The downside of GDI engines, however, is a substantial increase in emissions of particulate matter—a problem with which heretofore only diesels had to deal. A new study by a team at the University of Toronto has made a preliminary assessment of the climate trade-off (i.e., A significant fraction of the GDI PM 2.5 mpg (10.99

Climate

Climate Engine Carbon Fuel Economy

Ricardo: achieving light-duty diesel RDE NOx compliance in urban driving is possible, at a price

Study finds engines emit exhaust nanoparticles even when not fueled during engine braking

Study finds PM from biodiesel blends may be 50-80% less toxic per unit PM mass than from petroleum diesel

ICCT-sponsored study of in-use testing of 3 Tier2-Bin5, CA LEV-II light-duty diesels finds wide variation of emissions against the limits

SwRI opens new automotive catalyst technology center

Light duty RCCI can deliver engine-out Tier 2 Bin 5 NOx; potential for 52% gross indicated efficiency

Reduction in diesel carbonyl emissions using F-T fuel from coal

Study shows renewable diesel from crude tall oil is a high quality drop-in fuel for off-road engines

Empa recommends buying diesel vehicles only if Euro 6d-TEMP or Euro 6d

Swiss team concludes that particulate filters should be mandatory for GDI engines

Ricardo to display functional integration prototype of ADEPT 48V “intelligent electrification” diesel

Cummins progressing with lightweight downsized T2B2 diesel for pickup; 40% improvement in fuel economy over gasoline V8

ORNL study finds multi-mode RCCI can offer 15%+ fuel economy improvements across multiple light-duty driving cycles

Study finds biodiesel blend reduces total particle mass in emissions but may have greater adverse health effect per mass than diesel

UC Berkeley study quantifies LD gasoline on-road emissions

Faurecia acquires Amminex to accelerate efficient NOx reduction for passenger and commercial vehicles

NYSERDA awards $4.6M to 17 transportation projects; support for Syracuse U supercritical diesel injection project

Study finds ethanol blending appears to reduce significantly genotoxic emissions from gasoline direct injection vehicles

Study finds use of high cetane fuel reduces all primary pollutants under advanced diesel combustion mode

Achates Power wins $9M from ARPA-E to develop gasoline compression ignition medium-duty multi-cylinder opposed-piston engine

DOE awards nearly $55M to advance fuel efficient vehicle technologies in support of EV Everywhere and SuperTruck

Study finds E20 offers higher peak load capacity and thermal efficiency than gasoline in RCCI combustion

U Toronto study measures GDI emissions in urban near-road environment

Ricardo advancing with two novel heavy-duty vehicle technologies: cryogenic split-cycle engine and microwave fuel reforming

Cummins CTO John Wall receives California’s premier air quality award

Ricardo and Univ. of Brighton working on advanced combustion system for heavy-duty vehicles; CoolR features recuperated split-cycle with isothermal compression using cryogenic injection

FedEx adds 1,900 new lightweight composite Reach vans to fleet; 35% fuel efficiency improvement

Researchers develop alkali- and sulfur-resistant tungsten-based catalysts for SCR NOx control

ARPA-E awards $32M to 10 new projects to improve connected and automated vehicle efficiency

CPT and Eminox to collaborate on development of retrofit electric supercharging and aftertreatment solutions for heavy-duty vehicles

Government of Canada investing $6.5M in five next-generation auto R&D projects; total project value of $16M

Achates Power awarded $14M military single-cylinder engine project; partnering with Cummins

DOE to award up to $137M for SuperTruck II, Vehicle Technology Office programs

California ARB releases three studies showing fine particle pollution a threat to cardiovascular health

CPT Brings TIGERS Technology to VIPER Project for Enhanced Energy Recovery

China and Norway Lead the World’s EV Switchover

DOE Announces Up to $13M in Funding for Six Advanced Combustion and Emissions Controls RD Projects

US DOE awards more than $175M to 40 projects for advanced vehicle research and development

Calls for an international 48V electrical standard for vehicles; looming WLTP implementation

New combustion system for ethanol/octanol dual fuel combination reduces soot, increases efficiency

Comparative study finds that B20 increases emission rates of a number of pollutants in both light- and medium-duty diesel engines at idle

Study Finds Controlling Soot May Be Fastest Method to Reduce Arctic Ice Loss and Global Warming; Second-Leading Cause of Global Warming After CO2

National Academies release third review of the 21st Century Truck Partnership

U Toronto team assess the climate trade-off between reduced CO2 and increased Black Carbon from GDI engines

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