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Review of co-processing of biocrudes in oil refineries

Green Car Congress

The major compound groups in FPBO are water (20–25 wt %), carboxylic acids (∼ 5 wt %), aldehydes, ketones, and furfurals (25 wt %), sugar-like material (30–35 wt %), and lignin-derived compounds (20 wt %). In HTL, wet feedstock is liquefied in a hot (250–374 °C) and pressurized (4–22 MPa) water environment into biocrude oil.

Oil 448
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Study finds that environmental impact of corn-ethanol E85 is 23% to 33% higher than that of gasoline; environmental problem-shifting

Green Car Congress

Environmental impacts of gasoline and E85. eutrophication; ET = ecological toxicity; FEC = fossil energy consumption; WU = water use; LO = land occupation; “The rest” includes acidification; smog formation; ozone layer depletion; and human health effects. Process flow diagrams for E85 and gasoline. GW = global warming; Eut.

Gasoline 357
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Primus Green Energy produces 100-octane gasoline at commercial demonstration gas-to-liquids plant; improvement to STG+ technology

Green Car Congress

a gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology and solutions company that transforms methane and other hydrocarbon gases into gasoline and methanol ( earlier post ), has successfully produced 100-octane gasoline at its commercial demonstration plant in Hillsborough, New Jersey. Syngas-to-Gasoline. Primus Green Energy Inc.,

Gasoline 150
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Fraunhofer suggests e-scooters as application for its magnesium hydride paste hydrogen storage technology

Green Car Congress

Fraunhofer’s POWERPASTE releases hydrogen on contact with water. Refueling would be simple; riders merely have to replace an empty cartridge with a new one and then refill a tank with water. Only half of the hydrogen originates from the POWERPASTE; the rest comes from the added water. 10 kg POWERPASTE ? 1 kg hydrogen).

Hydrogen 435
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UC Davis ITS researchers take a detailed look at water consumption and withdrawal requirements for ethanol

Green Car Congress

Water consumption intensity of ethanol from corn grain and crop residue and the avoided/displaced water use credits assigned to coproducts: DGS and electricity. In their paper, Mishra and Yeh analyze the lifecycle water requirement consumption and withdrawal requirements of ethanol produced from corn and from crop residue.

Water 199
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Toyota introducing new series of gasoline engines with gain of at least 10% fuel efficiency; up to 38% maximum thermal efficiency

Green Car Congress

Toyota Motor Corporation has developed a new series of fuel-efficient gasoline engines that achieve improved thermal efficiency. liter gasoline engine in which Toyota is employing the Atkinson cycle—normally used in dedicated hybrid engines—and a compression ratio of 13.5:1. Click to enlarge. Low friction. liter engine.

Gasoline 273
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Geely invests in Carbon Recycling Intl.; vehicles fueled by methanol from CO2, water and renewable energy

Green Car Congress

Geely’s CRI investment and work with renewable methanol is similar to the approach Audi is taking with its own e-fuels projects—producing very low carbon liquid or gaseous fuels using only renewable energy, water and CO 2. Earlier post.). Earlier post.) Currently the company has a 4,000 metric ton/year production capacity.

Renewable 150