Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. In 2010, about 75% of the world’s vehicles were in OECD countries. liters per 100 km) in 2010. Commercial transportation demand by region. Source: ExxonMobil. Click to enlarge. Source: ExxonMobil.

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Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

MAY 16, 2019

BNEF expects there to be 508 million passenger EVs on the road globally by 2040; including commercial EVs, this brings the BNEF 2040 EV fleet size forecast to about 550 million. BNEF’s Electric Vehicle Outlook 2019 incorporates in the forecast detailed work on the commercial vehicle market. million barrels per day by 2040.

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Sale Global Cars Electric 341

Green Car Congress

APRIL 25, 2011

Red Wolf, formed in 2010, is in the process of raising $3 million through an equity offering to commercialize the thermal-chemical catalytic process. This is accomplished by separately pumping steam and the feedstock oil at high temperature and pressures into a Colgate-Emery reactor. Step 2: deoxygenation. Click to enlarge.

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Commercial 2016 Production Water 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 23, 2011

Chevron’s focus on optimizing the thermal management of the Kern River field has resulted in a steady drop in the steam:oil ratio (barrels steam water per barrel oil), resulting in improved economics of the field even with slowly declining production. Data: California DOGGR. Click to enlarge. Source: Chevron. Click to enlarge.

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Chevron Oil Oil-Sands Production 244

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 19, 2010

Suncor is targeting 1 million barrels per day output in 2020, with its growth in the oil sands underpinned by its alliance with Total. Approximately 80% of that production will be from the oil sands. The agreement with Total is an important element of Suncor’s plans to more than double our oil sands production.

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Oil-Sands Oil 2020 2011 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. Across OECD nations, the Outlook assumes the implied cost of policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions will reach about $80 per tonne in 2040.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 15, 2009

Coskata’s semi-commercial facility in Madison, Pa. a syngas to ethanol company, officially launched its semi-commercial “Flexethanol” facility located in Madison, PA. Actual production cost will vary, either below or above $1.00 per gallon, based on the cost of feedstock and the cost of power for the specific plant, he noted.

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Commercial Oil-Sands Water Gasoline 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 8, 2009

The provincial government of Alberta and the federal government of Canada will invest C$865 million (US$822 million) in a large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) project in the Athabasca oil sands. Two injection wells are in the test phase until early 2010. The total cost of the project is projected to be C$1.35

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Oil-Sands Canada Oil Carbon 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 23, 2012

The Governor also signed an executive order (EO) designed to accelerate the commercialization of zero emission vehicles (ZEVs). The EO instructs all state government entities under the Governor’s control to “ support and facilitate the rapid commercialization of zero-emission vehicles ” and sets out specific targets to lay the foundation.

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California Commercial Charging San Diego 320

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2019

The Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association (MECA) released a report assessing market-ready technologies being commercialized by suppliers of emission control and efficiency components for heavy-duty diesel vehicles to meet lower intermediate standards for oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) by 2024 as a transition to final standards in 2027.

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Standards Diesel 2019 Emissions 191

Green Car Congress

JULY 1, 2014

The average well drilling time in the pre-salt layer of Lula and Sapinhoá fields has declined by 55%, from 126 days in 2010 to 60 days in 2013. As a result of this reduction, the company has achieved major cost savings due to a decline in the number of days spent on drilling operations.

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Brazil 2013 2014 Oil 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2012

The report groups the efforts into five main categories: increasing energy independence through increased domestic production of oil and natural gas; building a 21 st century transportation sector; investing in clean energy, including renewables and nuclear; building more livable communities; and innovating for the next generation.

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Obama Energy Fuel Economy Oil 210

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 18, 2014

VTO is seeking projects that address the major challenges to developing and commercializing batteries for plug?in As described in multiple DOE reports, the main barriers to widespread PEV commercialization are the cost; performance and life; and abuse tolerance of high?energy Specifically: the current cost of high?energy

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Carbon Fiber Engine Battery Powered Fuel 252

Green Car Congress

MAY 20, 2010

While conventionally pure vegetable or seed oils are used as raw materials for biodiesel, they are expensive, constituting between 70% and 85% of the overall biodiesel production cost, Kargbo says. As a result, he notes, the use of alternative nonedible feedstocks such as Jatropha, animal fats, and waste cooking oil is on the rise.

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Diesel Oil Philadelphia 2010 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 20, 2011

million vehicles per year in 2010 to more than 3.2 CAGR between 2010 and 2016). CAGR between 2010 and 2016—resulting in 32,619 vehicles sold in 2016. More and more fleet managers are attracted to the lower fuel costs of natural gas, in addition to the opportunity to reduce their vehicles’ carbon footprint.

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2016 Global Iran Sale 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 18, 2013

In response to a Congressional mandate in 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) convened the Committee on Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels to assess the potential for vehicle and fuel technology options to achieve substantial reductions in petroleum use and GHG emissions by 2050 relative to 2005. —Douglas M.

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Hydrogen Oil Plug-in Fuel Economy 244

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 24, 2010

A co-production scenario—yet to be commercial—would take unconverted syngas from the FT reactor and combust it in a combined cycle power plant to generate electricity that is sold to the grid. Plant-level CO 2 emissions can be greatly reduced by using the CCS technology, the study found, without much increase in capital cost.

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Coal Oil Prices CO2 Gas-Electric 231

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2009

China can create millions of jobs, reduce consumption of imported oil, and reduce CO 2 emissions by introducing cellulosic ethanol, according to a new report by Novozymes and McKinsey & Co. The report estimates that China can produce cellulosic ethanol at the cost of US$2.50 presented at the Boao Forum for Asia. per gallon by 2015.

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China Chinese 2010 Asia 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2015

On average, Alaska has operated the most efficient US domestic flights for five years running since 2010. In 2010, there were 145 seats on an average US domestic flight flown by the mainline carriers. Commercial aircraft accounted for 11% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the US transportation sector in 2013.

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Alaska Fuel 2014 2013 150

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 17, 2010

Algae store chemical energy in the form of oils such as neutral lipids or triglycerides; the algal oil can be extracted and converted into biodiesel by transesterification with short-chain alcohols or by hydrogenation of fatty acids into linear hydrocarbons for drop-in fuel components. The total market volume is 1.25 billion m 3.

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Portugal Oil Solar Netherlands 199

Green Car Congress

JUNE 17, 2010

Cenovus is an integrated oil company headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, with an enterprise value of approximately C$26 billion. Cenovus anticipates achieving that growth at long term estimated average finding and development costs of approximately $8.00 An external evaluation of Cenovus Energy Inc.’s per barrel.

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2019 Production Energy Oil 199

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2016

Despite the expected reduction in cost of alternative technologies, the share of new car sales will remain relatively small; the influence of these technologies on overall emissions currently remains marginal. The additional abatement potential of these technologies is approx. 34 Mton CO 2 e (WTW). Roland Berger study.

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Transportation Emissions Fuel Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2011

On a life-cycle basis this advantage is reduced, the MIT report notes, because the GHG emissions in production and distribution, including methane leakage, are greater for natural gas than for oil products. million bpd of oil. Total natural gas penetration in these segments would represent consumption of 2.5 Tcf/year, equivalent to 1.3

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MIT Gas Transportation Future 299

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

The global energy supply became 6% cleaner from 1971 to 1990,in response to the oil shocks of the 1970s. Since 1990, however, the ESCII (2010 = 100) has remained essentially static, changing by less than 1%. tCO 2 /toe); in 2010 it was 56.7 The costs of most clean energy technologies fell more rapidly than anticipated.

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Carbon Supplies Global Transportation 265

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2010

Global HEV, PHEV and BEV sales in 2010 are forecasted to total 954,500 vehicles, or 2.2% million vehicles projected to be sold through the end of 2010. Power and Associates global forecast numbers for the third-quarter of 2010. million units in 2020, or some 7.3% million units (about 5.5%

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2020 Global Electric Vehicles Hybrid 250

Green Car Congress

MARCH 19, 2012

Summary of battery pack cost projections, 2010-2030. Element Energy used a component-based cost model to estimate the current and future costs of conventional and novel powertrains based on peer-reviewed data—e.g., on batteries and fuel cell costs trends and the costs of vehicle mass reduction.

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Emissions Manufacturer Market Price 231

Green Car Congress

MAY 11, 2012

The award recipients are: California Institute of Technology , located in Pasadena, will receive $5 million to fund the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP), established in 2010 as aUSDepartment of Energy Energy Innovation Hub. The vehicles are manufactured by Anaheim-based Isuzu Commercial Truck of America Inc.

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Los Angeles California Plug-in ZeroTruck 240

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

IEA fuel economy readiness index status, 2010. The transport sector currently accounts for a fifth of global final energy consumption, and increased demand from this sector is expected to make up all future growth in oil use worldwide. Source: Policy package. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy Fuel Transportation Engine 236

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 13, 2011

The MIT Energy Initiative (MITEI) has released a report on the proceedings—and papers that informed those proceedings—of the 8 April 2010 symposium on The Electrification of the Transportation System: Issues and Opportunities. low cost is only achieved in large-volume, highly automated factories. Vehicle technologies.

Transportation 252

Transportation MIT Oil Prices Oil 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

A key barrier to achieving RFS2 is the high cost of producing biofuels compared to petroleum-based fuels and the large capital investments required to put billions of gallons of production capacity in place. As of 2010, biofuel production was contingent on subsidies, tax credits, the import tariff, loan guarantees, RFS2, and similar policies.

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Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Standards 252

Green Car Congress

APRIL 20, 2011

Driven by four global megatrends—reducing CO 2 emissions, oil concerns, growing congestion, and rapid technology advances—countries worldwide are focusing strongly on vehicle electrification. Commercial Models. It is also likely that revenue collected from services can help off set the cost of infrastructure.

China 199

China Global Supplies Vehicles 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 13, 2010

Gevo has already demonstrated the conversion of isobutanol into a renewable jet fuel blendstock which meets current ASTM and US military synthetic jet fuel blendstock performance and purity requirements, and is working to obtain ASTM approval for the use of such jet fuel blendstock in commercial aviation. Earlier post.) Total Petrochemicals.

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Renewable Fuel Companies Polymer 252

Green Car Congress

JULY 12, 2011

The report comes in the context of Victoria’s 5-year Electric Vehicle Trial (EVT), launched in 2010 ( earlier post ). travelled (high, medium and low), and vehicle type (passenger, light commercial, or taxi). The analysis is based on central forecasts of oil price, electricity. operating cost savings increase.

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PHEV Oil Prices Australia Price 210

Green Car Congress

JUNE 24, 2010

RFS2 becomes effective on 1 July 2010. Assuming an average biorefinery size of 40 million gallons per year, USDA estimates it meeting the RFS2 advanced biofuels goals will mean building of 527 biorefineries, at a cost of $168 billion. The expectation for 2010 is for the United States will produce approximately 12.0

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Renewable Standards Fuel Rhode Island 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 7, 2009

In this topic, ARPA-E seeks to develop a new generation of ultra-high energy density, low-cost battery technologies for long electric range plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and electric vehicles (EVs). ARPA-E’s objective is to fund high-risk, high reward research efforts that will promote leadership in this emerging EV battery market.

Carbon 199

Carbon Plug-in Energy Fuel 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

Costs of light-duty plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are high—largely due to their lithium-ion batteries—and unlikely to drastically decrease in the near future, according to a new report from the National Research Council (NRC). Similarly, the PHEV-40 with a $14,000 battery pack would cost about $18,100 more. Click to enlarge.

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Plug-in Plug PHEV Hybrid 186

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 4, 2013

Shell is the first major oil company to do so. The development of a technically and commercially-viable unleaded Avgas that meets these criteria has been seen by the aviation industry as a significant challenge, due to the tight specifications and strict flight safety standards to which it must adhere. Earlier post.). Resources.

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Gasoline EPA Emissions Fuel 246