Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2014

Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2012 were equivalent to 6,526 million metric tons of carbon dioxide. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. Between 1990 and 2012, CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion increased from 4,745.1

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2005 2012 EPA 2011 252

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 6, 2017

These contributing factors included a decline in the carbon intensity of the energy supply (CO 2 /British thermal units [Btu]) of 1.7% Combining these two factors, the overall carbon intensity of the economy (CO 2 /GDP) declined by 3.1%. Transportation increase led by gasoline consumption. Motor gasoline accounted for 56.0%

2016 150

2016 CO2 Emissions Transportation 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2019

This decrease was largely driven by a decrease in emissions from fossil fuel combustion, which was a result of multiple factors including a continued shift from coal to natural gas and increased use of renewables in the electric power sector, and milder weather that contributed to less overall electricity use.

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2017 EPA Transportation 2005 199

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 23, 2011

Total transportation fuel use in California broken down by subsector and fuel type for each scenario: business-as-usual (BAU); plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs); and combined PEVs and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). Source: Yang et al. Click to enlarge. —Yang et al.

2005 250

2005 Transportation California Energy 250

Green Car Congress

JULY 8, 2015

million in Carbon Recycling International (CRI). Geely’s CRI investment and work with renewable methanol is similar to the approach Audi is taking with its own e-fuels projects—producing very low carbon liquid or gaseous fuels using only renewable energy, water and CO 2. Earlier post.). Earlier post.) Click to enlarge.

Renewable 150

Renewable Carbon Water Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 4, 2013

Direct land use, life cycle GHG emissions (excluding indirect land use change), and life cycle fossil fuel requirements to generate the transportation services provided by 17.8 × 10 12 MJ NCV of gasoline, the amount used in transportation in the US in 2009. Credit: ACS, Geyer et al. Click to enlarge.

Transportation 319

Transportation Carbon Conversion Li-ion 319

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2017

Energy-related CO 2 emissions in 2015 were about 12% below 2005 levels. These factors included a decline in the carbon intensity of the energy supply (CO 2 /British thermal units [Btu]) of 1.8%; and a 3.4% —“US Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions, 2015”. Electricity. decline in energy intensity (Btu/GDP).

2015 150

2015 Transportation CO2 Energy 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 18, 2013

In a fairly bleak assessment of global progress towards low-carbon energy, the International Energy Agency (IEA) concluded that, despite a few bright spots such as the rapid expansion of renewable technologies and the growth of hybrid and EV sales, the progress is far below that required to achieve a 2 °C pathway—i.e., Source: IEA.

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Carbon Supplies Global Transportation 265

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 21, 2011

—Low Carbon Fuel Standard 2011 Program Review Report. The California LCFS regulation, which went in to effect on 15 April 2010, targets a reduction of the carbon intensity (CI), on a full-fuel lifecycle basis, of transportation fuels (measured in gCO 2 e/MJ) used in California by an average of 10% by the year 2020.

Carbon 244

Carbon Standards Fuel Oregon 244

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 14, 2012

The US Energy Information Administration (EIA) reported that after an increase in 2010 of 3.3%, energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the US in 2011 decreased by 2.4% (136 million metric tons), while GDP grew by 1.8%. This indicates that the carbon intensity of the economy declined by about 4.2%. per gallon.

2011 231

2011 Emissions Energy CO2 231

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2018

That’s a 43% reduction in carbon emissions per gallon of milk, a selling point that helped the company negotiate an exclusive supply agreement with the national grocery chain Kroger. Renewable natural gas production for transportation totaled 151 million gasoline gallon equivalents in 2017, up from 125M GGEs in 2016 and 90M GGEs in 2015.

Renewable 170

Renewable Gas Transportation Fuel 170

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 22, 2014

and Nissan will begin testing the Nissan e-NV200 battery-electric compact cargo vehicle under real world conditions in Washington, D.C. The results will be used to help determine the viability of using an electric vehicle in this role in the US. FedEx Express, a subsidiary of FedEx Corp., million liters (634,000 gallons US) of fuel.

Nissan 268

Nissan DC United Kingdom Brazil 268

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 9, 2009

Including biofuels under a cap-and-trade scheme could create a more complete carbon management framework for the transportation fuels sector, according to a new peer-reviewed discussion paper by Dr. John DeCicco. Thus, the carbon accounting system under a fossil-based cap alone is incomplete when it comes to biofuels.”.

Carbon 210

Carbon Emissions Renewable Transportation 210

Green Car Congress

APRIL 9, 2019

Nevertheless, average carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from new cars sold in the European Union in 2017 rose by 0.4g Other key findings of the report: For the first year since 2009, gasoline cars constituted the majority of new registrations in 2017 (almost 53%). g CO 2 /km less than the average gasoline car. in 2016 to 1.5%

2017 170

2017 Emissions CO2 2016 170

Green Car Congress

JUNE 11, 2013

One of the key findings in the California’s Energy Future Summary Report is that implementation of key efficiency efforts could reduce fuel demand in 2050 to roughly 2005 levels (half of the business-as-usual scenario). Demand was adjusted to account for other low-carbon technologies including efficiency and electrification.

California 170

California Gasoline-Electric 2005 Gasoline 170

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 5, 2012

Transportation sector gasoline demand declines. Sales of battery-powered electric vehicles are 65% lower in the AEO2013 Reference case than the year before, with annual sales in 2035 estimated to be about 119,000. Motor gasoline consumption will be less than previously estimated. Click to enlarge. Overall findings.

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Fuel Energy Sale 2013 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2009

At the end of January, DOE also issued the Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Activities, Progress, and Plans Report to Congress as required by the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPACT). Biogas, including anaerobic digester gas, can be reformed to produce hydrogen and used in a fuel cell to produce significant amounts of electricity and heat.

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Congress Hydrogen Market Fuel 150

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2013

The “H2USA” name was used before by DOE in a program that began in 2005 to develop hydrogen technology learning centers at universities within the State Technologies Advancement Collaborative (STAC) hydrogen project area.). Composite Technology Development, Inc. Composite Technology Development, Inc. Treadstone Technologies, Inc.

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Hydrogen Carbon Fiber Transportation Fuel 218

Green Car Congress

MARCH 15, 2013

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released its annual report summarizing key trends in carbon dioxide emissions, fuel economy, and CO 2 - and fuel economy-related technology for gasoline- and diesel-fueled personal vehicles sold in the United States, from model years (MY) 1975 through 2012. Source: EPA. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy 2012 EPA Economy 284

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 16, 2013

Among the more detailed transportation projections in AEO2014 are: LDVs powered by gasoline remain the dominant vehicle type in the AEO2014 Reference case, retaining a 78% share of new LDV sales in 2040, down from their 82% share in 2012. Natural gas overtakes coal as the largest fuel for US electricity generation.

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Oil Light Energy Vehicles 290

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2011

In the years since 2005, we have established and significantly enhanced the LBNL China End-Use Energy Model based on the level of diffusion of end use technologies and other drivers of energy demand. It is reduced by 900 Mtce to 4600 Mtce in AIS in 2050, a cumulative energy reduction of 26 billion tonnes of coal equivalent from 2005 to 2050.

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China Energy 2005 Cars 285

Green Car Congress

APRIL 16, 2013

Recent trends can be attributed to multiple factors including reduced emissions from electricity generation, improvements in fuel efficiency in vehicles with reductions in miles traveled, and year-to-year changes in the prevailing weather, EPA said. drop below 2005 levels. GHG emissions in 2011 showed a 6.9%

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2011 EPA Transportation Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2010

The Act would establish an economy-wide carbon price starting at $16.47 dollars per ton in 2030, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from covered sources 22% below 2005 levels by 2020 and 42% by 2030. billion in annual electricity sector investment between 2011 and 2030, $22.5 per ton in 2013 and growing to $55.44

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Oil Climate Change Oil Prices 2005 220

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 25, 2013

Extensively researched and variously subsidized over the years, AFV options include: electricity (for battery cars or plug-in hybrids), hydrogen (for fuel cell cars), natural gas, and bioenergy, including ethanol and other biofuels that can be used in combustion engines or as a renewable feedstock for producing electricity or hydrogen.

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Fuel Supplies Transportation Climate Protection 236

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 26, 2011

Storing hydrogen in this way means that it can be safely transported in micro-bead form, opening the door to it being available at gasoline stations for consumers. Shell Springboard provides a financial boost to innovative, low-carbon business ideas from across the UK and was piloted in 2005.

2011 218

2011 Hydrogen Energy Polymer 218

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2012

Global-mean temperature change caused by car exhaust emitted from gasoline and diesel engines specified in the previous and upcoming European vehicle emission standards (EURO 3, 4, 5, and 6). black carbon, BC—climate forcers. no shift to hybrids, plug-in hybrids, battery-electric vehicles or fuel cell vehicles.

Climate 223

Climate Gasoline Diesel Engine 223

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2016

A new study by consultancy Roland Berger defines an integrated roadmap for European road transport decarbonization to 2030 and beyond; the current regulatory framework for vehicle emissions, carbon intensity of fuels and use of renewable fuels covers only up to 2020/2021. BEVs fueled with low carbon, renewable electricity (for PC).

Transportation 150

Transportation Emissions Fuel Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

EPA projects advanced transmissions (6+ speeds and CVTs), gasoline direct injection (GDI) systems, and turbocharged engines will be installed on at least 15% of all MY 2013 vehicles. The majority of the emissions and fuel savings from current vehicles, EPA noted, is due to new gasoline vehicle technologies. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

MARCH 8, 2010

The dashed blue line is 2005 emissions; the scale on the right shows the percent of 2005 level. It also finds that, while relying on subsidies for electric or hybrid vehicles is politically attractive, it is an extremely expensive and ineffective way to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the near term.

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Tax Credit Tax Emissions Fuel 220

Green Car Congress

MAY 13, 2010

The American Power Act, released as a discussion draft, targets reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by at least 4.75% compared to 2005 levels by 2013; by at least 17% compared to 2005 levels by 2020; by at least 42% compared to 2005 levels by 2030; and by at least 83% compared to 2005 levels by 2050.

Gas-Electric 210

Gas-Electric Climate Gas Energy 210

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 1, 2013

Now, researchers at Imperial College London have shown that bioethanol production from bamboo in China is both technically and economically feasible, as well as cost-competitive with gasoline. In its development of biofuel policy, China’s 10 th five-year plan (2001–2005) proposed a biofuel industry to utilize surplus grain stocks.

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China Gasoline Tax London 351

Green Car Congress

APRIL 15, 2009

Total emissions of the six main greenhouse gases in 2007 were equivalent to 7,150 Tg of carbon dioxide. These gases include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. in total between 2005 and 2007. The report indicates that overall emissions have grown by 17.2

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2007 Emissions EPA Gas 150

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 27, 2011

Net emissions resulting from the use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) depend on the efficiency of the conventional vehicle fleet; PHEV CD (all-electric, charge-depleting mode) efficiency; charging strategy; battery pack capacity; driving patterns; and generator mix used for charging. —Peterson et al. Peterson, J.

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PHEV Emissions CO2 Gasoline-Electric 240

Green Car Congress

APRIL 14, 2015

Fuel economy standards and changing driver behavior keep motor gasoline consumption below recent levels through 2040 in the Reference case. Renewables meet much of the growth in electricity demand. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions stabilize with improvements in energy and carbon intensity of electricity generation.

2020 150

2020 Energy Transportation Oil Prices 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 31, 2009

million from the Department of Energy’s ARPA-E program ( earlier post ) to complete its prototype development of a new gasoline-fueled wave disc engine and electricity generator that promises to be five times more efficient than traditional auto engines in electricity production, 20% lighter, and 30% cheaper to manufacture.

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Michigan Engine Universal 2004 316

Green Car Congress

MARCH 7, 2013

The company is also aggressively investing in advanced materials, including nano steels, carbon fiber and resistance spot welding for aluminum structures. More efficient gasoline engines. Akerson also pointed to GM’s 28% reduction in manufacturing energy intensity per vehicle from 2005 to 2010. Clean diesel. Earlier post.).

Fuel Economy 210

Fuel Economy Economy GM Gasoline 210

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2011

process, making a slow carbon conversion reaction ten times faster. The process has high carbon conversion rates at lower temperatures, and can be used to make numerous liquid transportation fuels (i.e., diesel, gasoline, jet) at low cost. Hydrogasification has been used since the 1930s as a method of making methane gas from.

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Waste Grant Fuel Gas-Electric 210