Canada, Ozone and Resource

6PPD-quinone derived from tire debris is toxic to two trout species, not just coho salmon

Green Car Congress

MARCH 4, 2022

Now, researchers in Canada report that exposure to 6PPD-quinone at environmentally relevant levels can also be deadly for rainbow and brook trout, though not for Arctic char or white sturgeon. This project was supported partially by a financial contribution from Fisheries and Oceans Canada.

Ozone

Ozone Canada Pollution Grant

NASA-led study identifies unprecedented depletion of stratospheric ozone layer above Arctic

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 2, 2011

A NASA-led study has documented an unprecedented depletion of Earth’s protective ozone layer above the Arctic last winter and spring caused by an unusually prolonged period of extremely low temperatures in the stratosphere. The same ozone-loss processes occur each winter in the Arctic.

Ozone

Ozone 2011 Aura Davis

HEI study in Europe finds evidence of health effects at lower levels of air pollution

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2021

In the report, the investigators describe the development of new exposure models for all of Europe for four pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), black carbon (BC), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), and ozone (O 3 ), as well as PM 2.5 particle composition. Initial results were published in 2019 and Phase 2 results are under review.

Pollution

Pollution Europe Ozone Boston

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 21, 2010

Springtime ozone distributions for 1984, 1995–2008 in the mid-troposphere (3.0–8.0 Springtime ozone levels above western North America are rising primarily due to air flowing eastward from the Pacific Ocean, a trend that is largest when the air originates in Asia. The US EPA recently proposed new tougher ground-level ozone standards.

North America

North America Ozone Asia America

Study: 87% of world’s population in 2013 lived in areas exceeding WHO PM2.5 guidelines

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 6, 2015

Additionally, the study found that the population-weighted mean concentrations of ozone increased globally by 8.9% An additional 217,000 deaths were attributable to long-term ozone exposure. and ozone (O 3 ). and ozone (O 3 ). Somewhat similar patterns were also evident for ozone.

2013

2013 Ozone Asia Africa

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

Green Car Congress

MAY 15, 2017

Those markets include Australia; Brazil; Canada; China; the European Union; India; Japan; Mexico; Russia; South Korea; and the United States. In Europe, the ozone mortality burden each year would be 10% lower if diesel vehicle nitrogen oxide emissions were in line with certification limits. million tons more than the 8.6

Diesel

Diesel International Emissions Ozone

Study finds changes in the Arctic sea ice cover may be driving changes in atmospheric chemistry

Green Car Congress

MARCH 2, 2012

Bromine also can remove ozone from the lowest layer of the atmosphere, the troposphere. Despite ozone’s beneficial role blocking harmful radiation in the stratosphere, ground-level ozone is a harmful pollutant. Bromine then reacts with a gaseous form of mercury, turning it into a pollutant that falls to Earth’s surface.

Mercury

Mercury Ozone United Kingdom 2008

UMD-led study finds China’s SO2 emissions down 75% since 2007, India’s up 50%; India may now be the top SO2 emitter

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 13, 2017

Two maps compare total annual sulfur dioxide amounts for India and China during 2005 (left) and 2016 based on Ozone Monitoring Instrument measurements. Illustration: Chris McLinden, Environment and Climate Change Canada. Purple depicts the highest concentrations while white depicts the lowest. Click to enlarge.

India

India 2007 Emissions Aura

Study: air pollution causes 800,000 extra deaths a year in Europe and 8.8 million worldwide

Green Car Congress

MARCH 12, 2019

Many other countries, such as Canada, the USA and Australia use the WHO guideline; the EU is lagging a long way behind in this respect. They focused particularly on PM 2.5 Worldwide, they found that air pollution is responsible for 120 extra deaths per year per 100,000 of the population. The current limit of 25 ?g/m

Pollution

Pollution Europe Cyprus Bulgaria

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

Green Car Congress

APRIL 11, 2019

Although it is not yet clear which specific pollutant within the traffic-related air pollution mixture is the source of asthma development, reviews by the US Environmental Protection Agency and Health Canada suggest that a causal relationship is likely to exist between long-term nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) exposure and childhood asthma development.

Pollution

Pollution United Arab Emirates South Korea Las Vegas

New international Climate and Clean Air Coalition to focus on reduction of short-lived climate pollutants

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 16, 2012

The founding coalition partners are Bangladesh, Canada, Ghana, Mexico, Sweden, and the United States, together with the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). A dedicated fund is being raised, with an initial contribution of $12 million from the US and $3 million from Canada for the first two years. Earlier post.). Earlier post.).

Climate

Climate Pollution Clean Cleaning

Study finds children’s exposure to urban air pollution results in early hallmarks of Alzheimer’s

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 12, 2015

A study by researchers from the US, Mexico and Canada has found that children’s urban air pollution exposures result in systemic and brain inflammation and the early hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the US, 200 million people live in areas where pollutants such as ozone and fine particulate matter exceed the standards.

Pollution

Pollution Mexico Montana Ozone

Study finds power law scaling relationship between urban population and NO2 pollution

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2013

A study by NASA scientists and their colleagues at Dalhousie University (Canada) and NOAA based on satellite data has found a significant correlation of surface nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) with population in the three countries and one continent examined: United States (r = 0.71), Europe (r = 0.67), China (r = 0.69), and India (r = 0.59).

Pollution

Pollution Power Powered India

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

Green Car Congress

MAY 21, 2018

A long-term study of the health of Canadian children has found that exposure to ozone (O 3 ) at birth was associated with an 82% increased risk of developing asthma by age three. —lead author Teresa To, PhD, senior scientist, Child Health Evaluative Services at The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Ozone

Ozone Pollution San Diego Canada

Study Finds Asian Monsoon Carries Pollution Into the Stratosphere

Green Car Congress

MARCH 27, 2010

This could explain satellite measurements showing high levels of stratospheric ozone, water vapor and other chemicals over Asia during summer. When sulfur rises into the stratosphere, it can lead to the creation of small particles called aerosols that are known to influence the ozone layer.

Pollution

Pollution Asia Indonesia Ozone

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2015

MARPOL Annex VI sets limits on NO x and SO x emissions from ship exhaust, and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone-depleting substances. Regional benefits would be increased by cooperative bilateral action with Canada, or additionally multilateral action with other Arctic nations to extend the Arctic ECA to larger areas of the Arctic.

Pollution

Pollution Emissions Mariner Fuel

US Climate Action Report to UN Projects 4% Growth in Total US GHG Emissions to 2020

Green Car Congress

JUNE 3, 2010

A large portion of missions growth is driven by HFCs, because demand for refrigeration and air conditioning is increasing and because HFCs are predominantly used as alternatives for ozone-depleting substances, which are being phased out under the Montreal Protocol. Fifth Climate Action Report.

Climate

Climate 2020 Emissions Climate Change

MIT researchers improve upon methods to model urban air pollution

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 29, 2011

These results were compared with observations of ozone, CO, formaldehyde, BC, and PM 10 from a few well observed urban areas, and in most of the cases, the output distributions were found to be within ranges of the observations. —Jason Cohen. Cohen, J.B.,

MIT

MIT Pollution Climate South Korea

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2012

Most of this infrared radiation passes through the atmosphere, but some is absorbed by GHG molecules like CO 2 , methane, ozone and others. Reducing current emissions of BC may help slow the near-term rate of climate change, particularly in regions such as the Arctic. Earlier post.). Source: EPA. Report to Congress on Black Carbon.

Congress

Congress EPA Carbon Emissions

North American Countries Target “Super” Greenhouse Gases Through Strengthened Ozone Treaty

Green Car Congress

APRIL 30, 2010

The US, Canada, and Mexico have submitted a proposal to strengthen climate protection under the Montreal Protocol— the international treaty that phases out the production of a number of substances responsible for ozone depletion. The proposal targets the production and use of HFCs, a group of “super” greenhouse gases. Durwood Zaelke.

Ozone

Ozone Micronesia Climate Protection Climate

ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 6, 2013

In regions that have already adopted advanced standards for on-road vehicles, such as the EU-28, the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and South Korea, next-generation standards are adopted in 2025. Baseline and Accelerated Policy timeline for light-duty vehicles. —Chambliss et al.

Emissions

Emissions Global Fuel Vehicles

EV Driven

6PPD-quinone derived from tire debris is toxic to two trout species, not just coho salmon

NASA-led study identifies unprecedented depletion of stratospheric ozone layer above Arctic

HEI study in Europe finds evidence of health effects at lower levels of air pollution

Study Links Springtime Ozone Increases Above Western North America to Emissions in Asia

Study: 87% of world’s population in 2013 lived in areas exceeding WHO PM2.5 guidelines

New international study finds lab testing of diesel NOx emissions underestimates real-world levels by up to 50%

Study finds changes in the Arctic sea ice cover may be driving changes in atmospheric chemistry

UMD-led study finds China’s SO2 emissions down 75% since 2007, India’s up 50%; India may now be the top SO2 emitter

Study: air pollution causes 800,000 extra deaths a year in Europe and 8.8 million worldwide

Study estimates ~4M children worldwide develop asthma each year because of NO2 air pollution

New international Climate and Clean Air Coalition to focus on reduction of short-lived climate pollutants

Study finds children’s exposure to urban air pollution results in early hallmarks of Alzheimer’s

Study finds power law scaling relationship between urban population and NO2 pollution

Study associates ozone exposure at birth to increased risk of developing asthma

Study Finds Asian Monsoon Carries Pollution Into the Stratosphere

ICCT finds growth in shipping in Arctic could increase pollutant emissions 150-600% by 2025 with current fuels

US Climate Action Report to UN Projects 4% Growth in Total US GHG Emissions to 2020

MIT researchers improve upon methods to model urban air pollution

EPA report to Congress finds a strong scientific and technical foundation for mitigating black carbon emissions

North American Countries Target “Super” Greenhouse Gases Through Strengthened Ozone Treaty

ICCT report finds global implementation of advanced emissions and fuel-quality regs could cut early deaths from vehicle emissions by 75% in 2030

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