Green Car Congress

JUNE 14, 2011

Plug-in hybrids dominate market penetration in 2025 under CAR scenario IV (62 mpg CAFE standard). Power and Associates to project the technology segmentation necessary to achieve anticipated fuel economy mandates in 2025. The 2010 NRC study, conducted under contract to. the 2008 model year fuel economy ratings.

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy Economy Auto Industry Standards 199

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 1, 2010

The US Department of Transportation’s (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a Notice of Intent (NOI) to begin developing new standards for greenhouse gases and fuel economy for light-duty vehicles for the 2017-2025 model years. Earlier post.).

Fuel Economy 199

Fuel Economy EPA 2017 Economy 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 9, 2014

Energy intensities of flying (blue) and driving (green), 1970-2010. To make driving less energy intensive than flying, the fuel economy of the entire US fleet of light-duty vehicles would have to improve from the current 21.5 Without any improvement in vehicle fuel economy, an average vehicle load of more than 2.3

Energy 344

Energy Fuel Economy Personal Economy 344

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 28, 2011

The new Alpheon eAssist, which will go on sale in November, offers improved fuel economy of 25% and reduced CO 2 emissions of 22% compared with the standard Alpheon model. Like the light electrification powertrain of the Buick LaCrosse upon which it is based, the Alpheon eAssist features a 2.4-liter Earlier post.). mpg US, 7.1

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Fuel Economy GM Economy Buick 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 24, 2013

As one example cited, the company has increased its use of high-strength steel and other lightweight materials to reduce vehicle weight, and thus improve fuel economy, while still meeting standards for vehicle safety. This engine provides better fuel economy and refinement than our current World Gas Engine. Earlier post.).

Chrysler 268

Chrysler Light Hybrid Dodge 268

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 13, 2013

MY 2012 adjusted fuel economy is 23.6 mpg fuel economy improvement from MY 2011 to MY 2012 is the second largest annual improvement in the last 30 years. l/100 km) fuel economy, which, if achieved, will again represent all-time records. Change in Adjusted fuel economy, weight, and horsepower for MY 1975-2013. mpg, or 22%.

Fuel Economy 247

Fuel Economy 2012 Economy EPA 247

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2011

The new Obama Administration proposal to increase fuel efficiency standards for cars and light trucks to an average 54.5 As new cars and light trucks are purchased in the future and old ones retired, average fuel economy will improve, reducing the 2009 forecast of gasoline sales and HTF revenues. mpg by 2016).

MPG 207

MPG Standards Obama Fuel 207

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 3, 2010

A new economic analysis in an issue brief from the Consumer Federation of America (CFA) is recommending that the Obama Administration set a fleet-wide car and light truck fuel economy standard of 60 mpg (3.92 The Obama Administration will release a Notice of Intent for 2017-2025 light duty fuel economy standards on 30 September.

MPG 225

MPG Standards America Fuel Economy 225

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 5, 2020

which are regulated under the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) because of their adverse effects on human health and the environment. In this report, MECA provides our assessment of technologies being commercialized by component suppliers, including MECA members, to help their customers comply with future lower NO x standards.

Emissions 291

Emissions Diesel Engine 2010 291

Green Car Congress

MAY 2, 2012

The Global Fuel Economy Initiative ( GFEI ) ( earlier post ) launched its second three-year effort to improve vehicle fuel economy around the world at the International Transport Forum in Leipzig. Indeed whilst there has been tremendous policy progress in several major markets, in some places fuel economy is actually getting worse.

Fuel Economy 231

Fuel Economy Economy Global Fuel 231

Green Car Congress

JUNE 7, 2017

A new study by researchers at the University of Colorado at Boulder projects the emission impacts of the widespread introduction of inexpensive and efficient electric vehicles into the US light duty vehicle (LDV) sector. The database includes joint Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and GHG emission standards for LDVs.

Emissions 150

Emissions Economy Gasoline-Electric Coal 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 1, 2011

SAE International is promoting “J2881: Measurement of Aerodynamic Performance for Mass-Produced Cars and Light-Duty Trucks”, a recommend practice detailing procedures to measure the aerodynamic performance of passenger vehicles, such as mass-produced cars and light-duty trucks intended primarily for individual consumers.

Light 186

Light International Wind Vehicles 186

Teslarati

JANUARY 30, 2024

The automaker maintained expectations that its EVs will reach profitability by 2025 , though it says that hybrids will play an increasingly important role in reaching strict emissions standards. “Let me be clear: GM remains committed to eliminating tailpipe emissions from our light-duty vehicles by 2035.

Plugin 114

Plugin GM Hybrid Market 114

Green Car Congress

MARCH 5, 2013

Vehicle size, a key determinant of fuel economy, has shown a reduction in OECD countries, while the non-OECD trend is toward bigger vehicles. The analysis, an update of an earlier work using data from 2010 and 2011, found that the global average for light-duty vehicle fuel economy was 7.2 Source: GFEI. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy Economy Fuel 2005 170

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 16, 2013

As reported in a paper in ACS journal Environmental Science & Technology , the results showed that GDI technology has the potential to meet the upcoming California LEV III and US EPA Tier 3 PM mass standard of 3 mg/mi (phasing in over MY2017?2021) —Maricq et al. Credit: ACS, Maricq et al. Click to enlarge. gasoline blend.

Standards 246

Standards Emissions Miles Engine 246

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 3, 2013

Average monthly and model year fleet-wide achieved CAFE performance levels (light purple) versus NHTSA projected achieved CAFE levels (blue) for model years 2008 through 2016. NHTSA developed two phases of standards in this rulemaking. Schoettle and Sivak 2013, EPA/NHTSA 2010, 2012). Schoettle and Sivak 2013. Click to enlarge.

Fuel Economy 220

Fuel Economy MPG 2013 2012 220

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 9, 2009

The proposed standards would require substantial environmental improvements from new vehicles and would put Canadian GHG emission standards at par with US national standards and, by 2016, with the California standards. A company’s unique fleet average standard would be determined based on the size (i.e.

Canada 236

Canada Light Emissions Gas 236

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 27, 2013

The rapidly industrializing economies of China and India fueled much of Asia’s demand increase, growing 2.8 Increased consumption in 2010 reflected improving economic conditions. In 2011 and 2012, higher oil prices and increased fuel efficiency of light-duty vehicles contributed to reduced US consumption. million bbl/d.

North America 261

North America 2012 America Europe 261

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 10, 2014

As the world population increases by the estimated 30% from 2010 to 2040, ExxonMobil sees global GDP rising by about 140%, but energy demand by only about 35% due to greater efficiency. The OECD represents the developed economies. Click to enlarge. Outlook for Energy.

Energy 252

Energy Global 2010 Oil-Sands 252

Green Car Congress

JULY 11, 2012

The European Commission today proposed targets for the further reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions from new cars and light commercial vehicles (vans) by 2020. grams in 2010 (the latest year for which figures are available) and a mandatory target of 175 grams in 2017. grams in 2011 and a mandatory target of 130 grams in 2015.

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2020 Light CO2 Cars 268

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2013

By 2040, hybrids are expected to account for about 35% of the global light-duty vehicle fleet, up from less than 1% in 2010. billion, as the world’s population grows and more people in developing economies are able to afford cars. In 2010, about 75% of the world’s vehicles were in OECD countries. Source: ExxonMobil.

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Oil-Sands Energy Hybrid Sale 309

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 25, 2010

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the US Department of Transportation’s (DOT) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) have announced a proposed rulemaking for the first national standards to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improve fuel efficiency of heavy-duty trucks and buses.

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EPA Standards Fuel Gas 218

Green Car Congress

JUNE 15, 2009

BorgWarner’s new electric butterfly EGR valve technology will debut with a leading commercial engine manufacturer in 2010. The technology will debut with a leading commercial engine manufacturer in 2010. These systems are designed to improve fuel economy, reduce emissions and enhance vehicle performance. Click to enlarge.

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2010 Diesel Engine Exhaust 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 10, 2009

Measured fuel economy improvements cannot factor in a hybrid system. The vehicle freight efficiency improvement must be achieved while meeting prevailing emission standards and Class 8 tractor-trailers vehicle safety and regulatory requirements. This engine must be capable of meeting 2010 emission standards, and be commercially viable.

Light 150

Light Fuel Economy Economy Engine 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 17, 2009

billion over the 2010-2014 period for the US Department of Energy (DOE) to support a broad range of research activities for advanced technology vehicles. 3246 , the “Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009” covers research on light-, medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, as well as infrastructure and pilot programs.

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2010 2014 Vehicles Hydrogen 257

Green Car Congress

APRIL 2, 2009

Of that quarter, passenger cars and light-duty trucks account for nearly half, contributing 12% of Canada’s total GHG emissions. Final regulations will come into force in 2010 and will apply to vehicles of the 2011 and later model years. These regulatory standards will be equivalent to applicable US national fuel economy standards.

Canada 170

Canada Standards Emissions Gas 170

Green Car Congress

MAY 6, 2013

The new MY2014 Mercedes-Benz Sprinter van for the US now features a 2.1L, 4-cylinder diesel with a t-speed automatic transmission as standard. The 4-cylinder Sprinter features a 7-speed automatic transmission with torque converter—the only 7-speed automatic transmission to feature in a van—is refined for maximum fuel economy.

2014 306

2014 Diesel Standards Exhaust 306

Green Car Congress

FEBRUARY 17, 2011

In response to federal policies to boost gas mileage, manufacturers have changed vehicle weights, improved tire-rolling resistance and added aerodynamic features to push fuel-economy rates past government-mandated thresholds. Car notches are the small trigger points in the numerical values of fuel economy (say, the difference between 22.5

Fuel Economy 186

Fuel Economy Economy Fuel MPG 186

Green Car Congress

MARCH 3, 2010

Toyota introduced the Auris Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) at the 2010 Geneva motor show, marking a significant milestone in Toyota’s planned deployment of the Hybrid Synergy Drive powertrain across Toyota’s entire model range by early 2020s. Earlier post.). Earlier post.). Optimal Drive. L/100 km (35 mpg US), and CO 2 emissions of 155 g/km.

2010 199

2010 Gasoline Toyota Diesel 199

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 8, 2017

Compression ignition combined with a supercharger will improve fuel economy while delivering tremendous engine response and increased torque of 10–30% over the current SKYACTIV-G gasoline engine. Earlier post.). Earlier post.). Earlier post.). Yamasaki, Y., Umahashi, S., Uesugi, Y.,

Mazda 186

Mazda Gasoline Fuel Economy Gasoline-Electric 186

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 20, 2011

The California Air Resources Board (ARB) will consider at its December 2011 meeting amendments to the Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) regulation. Since the regulation went into effect [15 April 2010], regulated parties have operated under the LCFS program with no significant compliance issues. Energy Economy Ratios.

Carbon 231

Carbon Oil California Standards 231

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 20, 2012

IEA fuel economy readiness index status, 2010. Average fuel economy and new vehicles registrations, 2005 and 2008. The index is built from the four key policies needed to improve fuel economy: fuel tax, CO 2 -based vehicle tax, fuel economy standards and labeling. Source: Policy package. Click to enlarge.

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Fuel Economy Fuel Transportation Engine 236

Green Car Congress

DECEMBER 15, 2009

Existing US policies that stress energy efficiency and alternative fuels, together with higher energy prices, will curb energy consumption growth and shift the energy mix toward renewable fuels, according to the reference case for the Annual Energy Outlook 2010 ( AEO2010 ) released by the US Energy Information Administration (EIA).

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Renewable Oil 2010 Energy 199

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 23, 2012

Net petroleum imports as a share of total US liquid fuels consumed drop from 49% in 2010 to 38% in 2020 and 36% in 2035 in AEO2012. million barrels per day in 2010. The natural gas share of electric power generation increases from 24% in 2010 to 27% in 2035, and the renewables share grows from 10% to 16% over the same period.

Oil 210

Oil 2005 Production 2010 210

Green Car Congress

MAY 19, 2009

The resulting new standards will cover model years 2012-2016, and will require an average fuel economy standard of 35.5 However, there will not be an exact one-to-one correspondence between the two standards—GHG and fuel economy—which will be the foundation of the national program.

2016 150

2016 Obama Standards MPG 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 6, 2016

This trend of increasing demand for higher octane gasoline is likely driven by changes in fuel requirements for light-duty vehicles (LDV) in response to increasing fuel economy standards, which will have widespread implications for future gasoline markets, according to EIA analysts. In MY 2010, 12.5% Click to enlarge.

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Downsizing Gasoline Engine Design 150

Green Car Congress

JULY 9, 2014

The EPA’s test engine will help establish the feasibility of meeting recently issued fuel standards through improvements to combustion chamber geometries, fuel injection strategies, fuel composition, valve timing and intake conditions. Click to enlarge. Earlier post.) Measurement is reproduced from: A.

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EPA Engine Emissions Standards 210