Green Car Congress

AUGUST 30, 2009

Under the Proalcool Program, sugar companies were ordered to increase production and the state-run oil company, Petrobras, was required to make álcool (ethanol) available at its fuel stations. The production and consumption of hydrous ethanol fuel followed an expected pattern. of water.

Transportation 317

Transportation Fuel Renewable Gasoline-Electric 317

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 15, 2016

grams per brake horsepower hour (g/bhp-hr), and constitute a 90% reduction of emissions compared to the previous standard (CARB 2007) of 2.0 Additionally, these near-zero engines, when fueled with California-produced renewable natural gas, become a near-term and viable solution for greenhouse gas emission reduction efforts.

Grant 150

Grant Gas Engine Energy 150

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 9, 2012

1 from shipping in 2007, corresponding to 3.3% 1 of the total ship emissions in 2007. In addition to CO 2 , other compounds such as ozone (O 3 ) precursors (nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)) and aerosols such as black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC) are emitted by ships.

Climate 240

Climate Emissions Ozone 2007 240

Green Car Congress

JULY 29, 2010

Controlling soot from fossil fuels and solid biofuels may be a faster method of reducing Arctic ice loss and global warming than other options, including controlling CH 4 or CO 2 , although all controls are needed, according to a new study by Dr. Mark Z. These three gases are all greenhouse gases, and ozone is a surface air pollutant.

Global 230

Global Ozone CO2 Pollution 230

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 21, 2015

The report, “ Environmental Assessment of a Full Electric Transportation Portfolio ”, is based on a projection that by 2050 electricity replaces traditional fuels for approximately half of light- and medium-duty transportation and a significant portion of non-road equipment. levels throughout the United States.

EPRI 150

EPRI Cleaner Grid Vehicles 150

Green Car Congress

JANUARY 27, 2015

exhaust from heavy-duty diesel engines meeting EPA 2007 and later emissions requirements—has found no evidence of carcinogenic lung tumors. The study exposed laboratory rats 80 hours a week, for up to 30 months, to emissions from a heavy-duty diesel engine meeting 2007 US EPA standards using new filters and other control technology.

Exhaust 150

Exhaust Diesel Engine 2007 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 29, 2010

The program will cover the major sources of GHG emissions in the State, including refineries and power plants, industrial facilities, and transportation fuels. The cap-and-trade program is expected to result in increased investment in efficient buildings and technologies and in advanced fuels. Transportation fuels.

2015 210

2015 Transportation Fuel Emissions 210

Green Car Congress

NOVEMBER 23, 2009

from 2007 to 2008. Since 1750, atmospheric CO 2 has increased by 38%, primarily because of emissions from combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation and land use change. While the concentration of CH 4 was stable for seven years (from 1999 to 2006), both 2007 and 2008 show a significant increase. since 1990 and by 1.3%

2008 218

2008 2003 2007 Climate Change 218

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 25, 2009

The growth in carbon dioxide emissions from energy and industry has exceeded even the most fossil-fuel intensive scenario developed by the IPCC at the end of the 1990s. per year from 2000-2007. In 2008, the minimum ice extent was 9% greater than in 2007, but still the second lowest on record. Global emissions were growing by 1.1%

Climate Change 259

Climate Change Climate 2007 Ozone 259

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 25, 2013

The other regions that we examined exhibited smaller increases in NO 2 pollution with population, reflecting a combination of emission controls and per capita fuel use. For example, in China, the total NO x emissions from an urban area are a factor of 100.63 = 4.3 —Lamsal et al. parts per billion (U.S.), ppb (Europe), 0.68

Pollution 261

Pollution Power Powered India 261

Green Car Congress

MAY 18, 2009

In 2007, Jacobson and four colleagues testified in the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on the role of black carbon. C increased Arctic warming from 1890 to 2007. C increased Arctic warming from 1890 to 2007. To date, fossil-fuel plus biofuel soot has caused about 12.5-15% F, with about 40% due to ozone.

Carbon 150

Carbon EPA Pollution Ozone 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 19, 2009

Here, RME show advantages for primary energy and GHG, but disadvantages in terms of acidification, eutrophication and ozone depletion. Increased eutrophication is a key characteristic of biofuels from energy crops when compared with fossil fuels. of the world’s transport fuel. Source: “Assessing Biofuels”. Click to enlarge.

Ozone 186

Ozone Water Emissions Oil 186

Green Car Congress

SEPTEMBER 26, 2009

Other sources of diesel particulate matter such as big rig trucks, transit buses, trash trucks, cargo-handling equipment and ship auxiliary engines have already been addressed through regulations, along with diesel fuel. NO x helps create ground-level ozone, or smog.

Diesel 170

Diesel California Emissions 2007 170

Green Car Congress

APRIL 13, 2014

Decomposition of the decadal change in total global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion by four driving factors; population, income (GDP) per capita, energy intensity of GDP and carbon intensity of energy. The global economic crisis 2007/2008 only temporarily reduced emissions. Hydrogen fuels from low?carbon

Emissions 257

Emissions Climate Change 2000 Climate 257

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 4, 2011

In the absence of major technological innovations or policy changes, the United States is unlikely to meet cellulosic biofuel mandates under the current Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS2) by 2022, according to a new report from the National Research Council. However, whether and how the mandate for cellulosic biofuels will be met is uncertain.

Renewable 252

Renewable Tax Credit Conversion Standards 252

Green Car Congress

APRIL 1, 2009

Among the direct transportation-related provisions in the extensive package are a low-carbon fuel standard for all transportation fuels; financial support for large scale demonstrations of electric vehicles; and financial support for automakers retooling plants to make electric vehicles. Clean Fuels and Vehicles.

Climate 186

Climate Standards Carbon California 186

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 28, 2009

Currently, anthropogenic N 2 O emissions represent the largest contribution to ozone depletion. The study, published online 27 August in the journal Science , for the first time evaluated nitrous oxide emissions from human activities in terms of their potential impact on Earth’s ozone layer. Source: Ravishankara et al. TgCO 2 e, 9.7%).

Ozone 150

Ozone Emissions Climate 2009 150

Green Car Congress

APRIL 3, 2009

New liquid hydrocarbon fuels (BtL) produced from cellulosic biomass are under development, and seem likely to offer several advantages over producing ethanol from cellulose in terms of more efficient yields and less environmental impact. has been controversial, particularly with regard to their allocation to specific fuel crops.

Conversion 150

Conversion Water Emissions 2009 150

Green Car Congress

JUNE 8, 2015

In February 2008, GRF became one of the first forests—and the largest—to receive verification as a source of greenhouse gas reductions under the protocols of the Climate Action Reserve , adopted by the California Air Resources Board in 2007. ozone depletion potential (ODP). photochemical ozone creation potential.

Carbon 150

Carbon Personal Store Emissions 150

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 20, 2012

L) diesel engines at idle and load, using a biodiesel blend (B20) and conventional ultralow sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuel. Their paper appears in the ACS journal Energy & Fuels. Unregulated pollutants also include ozone precursors and bioaccumulative and toxic compounds. L engine was operated under both 2004 and 2007 calibrations.

Pollution 231

Pollution Diesel Emissions Engine 231

Green Car Congress

AUGUST 22, 2009

The European Community’s air pollutant emission inventory report released by the European Environment Agency finds that in 2007, sulphur oxides (SO x ) emissions were down by 72 % from 1990 levels. EU-27 emissions of all four pollutants were lower in 2007 than in 2006.

Pollution 236

Pollution Emissions Czech Republic United Kingdom 236

Green Car Congress

OCTOBER 22, 2009

Health and other non-climate damages by life-cycle component for different combinations of fuels and light-duty automobiles in 2005 (top) and 2030 (bottom). Damages are expressed in cents per VMT (2007 USD). Damages from motor vehicles and fuels. Source: “Hidden Costs of Energy”. Click to enlarge. Click to enlarge.

2005 246

2005 Cost Of Energy Coal 246